Sublingual allergy drops are a form of immunotherapy designed to treat the underlying cause of allergies rather than just the symptoms. These liquid drops, placed under the tongue, work to gradually reduce the body’s sensitivity to specific allergens over time. This approach aims to build tolerance and provide long-term relief.
How Sublingual Drops Work
Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) involves exposing the body to small, increasing doses of allergens. The allergens are absorbed through specialized cells under the tongue, which then transport them to the immune system. This controlled exposure helps retrain the immune system, leading to gradual desensitization. The process involves inducing regulatory T-cells, which help shift the immune system’s response away from an allergic reaction, promoting tolerance. Over time, the body learns to tolerate allergens, reducing the severity and frequency of allergic symptoms.
How Well They Work
Sublingual allergy drops have demonstrated effectiveness in reducing symptoms for common allergens. Clinical trials and research support their use for conditions like allergic rhinitis and allergic conjunctivitis. They are effective against airborne allergens such as pollen, dust mites, pet dander, and molds. Studies show that SLIT can significantly reduce symptoms and the need for medication.
The effectiveness of sublingual drops can vary among individuals, and consistent adherence to the treatment regimen is important for optimal results. While some individuals may experience symptom improvement within a few months, full desensitization often takes a longer period, typically three to five years of daily use. This long-term treatment aims to provide lasting immunity and reduce the severity of allergic reactions.
Who They Are For
Sublingual allergy drops are suitable for individuals experiencing persistent moderate to severe allergic symptoms who have not found sufficient relief with standard medications. This treatment option is also considered for those who prefer to avoid injections or are seeking a long-term solution. Both children and adults can use SLIT, including children as young as 3 or 4 years old.
SLIT can be beneficial for patients with allergies, including those with allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis, or mild to moderate asthma triggered by allergens. However, contraindications exist, such as uncontrolled or severe asthma, active systemic autoimmune diseases, or certain cardiac conditions. A healthcare provider will assess medical history and allergies to determine if SLIT is a suitable and safe option.
Sublingual Drops Compared to Other Options
Sublingual allergy drops offer an alternative to allergy shots (subcutaneous immunotherapy) and symptomatic medications like antihistamines and nasal sprays. A key difference lies in administration: drops are taken daily at home, providing convenience and eliminating the need for frequent clinic visits. In contrast, allergy shots typically require regular in-office injections, initially weekly, then gradually less often over several years.
Compared to allergy shots, sublingual drops generally have a lower risk of severe allergic reactions, making them a safer choice for many individuals. While both methods aim to desensitize the immune system, some studies suggest allergy shots might be more effective for certain conditions like asthma. Symptomatic medications only mask allergy symptoms, whereas immunotherapy, whether drops or shots, treats the underlying cause by building tolerance over time.