Orthodontic rubber bands, also known as elastics, are a common phase in treatment that follows initial tooth alignment with braces. These small, medical-grade latex or non-latex bands apply continuous, gentle force to move the upper and lower jaws into a proper relationship. While brackets and wires straighten individual teeth, elastics correct the bite alignment, addressing issues such as overbites, underbites, and crossbites. Consistent and diligent wear is necessary to achieve the desired outcome and keep the treatment timeline on track.
Step-by-Step Guide to Placement
The application of orthodontic elastics requires following the orthodontist’s specific instructions for hook placement. Elastics span from a hook on an upper bracket to a hook on a lower bracket, creating a force vector that shifts the teeth and jaw over time. You can use clean fingers to stretch the elastic and secure it over the hooks, or use a specialized plastic hook tool provided by the orthodontic office, which can offer better dexterity.
The direction of the elastic determines the type of bite correction. For example, a Class II configuration corrects an overbite, running from an upper canine hook back to a lower molar hook. Conversely, a Class III configuration, used for an underbite, runs in the opposite direction, extending from a lower canine forward to an upper molar hook. Crossbite elastics connect across the mouth, linking an upper tooth to a lower tooth on the opposite side to correct a sideways misalignment.
Visually confirm the placement in a mirror, especially when first starting, to ensure the elastic is correctly hooked onto the prescribed teeth. Using the wrong configuration, or wearing an elastic on only one side when two are required, can negatively impact treatment progress. Never add extra bands or double up on elastics, as this can apply excessive force that may damage tooth roots or delay movement.
Maintaining the Daily Wearing Schedule
For elastics to effectively stimulate the bone remodeling necessary for tooth movement, they must apply a constant, uninterrupted force. Orthodontists recommend wearing elastics for 22 to 24 hours per day, removing them only for eating, brushing, and flossing unless directed otherwise. Wearing them for shorter periods will not generate enough continuous pressure to move the teeth efficiently.
The elasticity of the bands degrades over time due to stretching and exposure to saliva and temperature changes. To maintain the intended therapeutic force, replace the elastics with a fresh pair multiple times throughout the day, ideally at least three to four times. A common schedule is replacing them after every meal and before going to sleep to ensure consistent tension. Failure to wear or replace elastics frequently will significantly delay the treatment timeline, as teeth will shift back toward their original positions.
Troubleshooting Common Issues
New wearers often experience discomfort or soreness as they adjust to the constant new pressure. This ache is normal and typically subsides within the first few days of consistent wear. Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen, can manage this tenderness until the mouth becomes accustomed to the elastics.
If an elastic breaks or snaps, replace it immediately with a new one to prevent the loss of momentum. Running out of the supplied elastics is common; contact the orthodontic office, as they can often mail a new supply or arrange for a quick pick-up. Never attempt to substitute a specialized orthodontic elastic with a regular rubber band.
Sometimes, the hooks or the elastic itself can cause irritation. If a spot becomes sore, applying a small piece of orthodontic wax directly over the offending bracket hook can create a smoother surface and reduce friction. Rinsing the mouth with warm salt water can also help soothe irritated gum tissue. If discomfort persists beyond a week or if a bracket hook appears bent, contact the orthodontist, as an adjustment may be necessary.