A nightguard, also called an occlusal or bite splint, is a removable dental appliance worn over the teeth while sleeping. It creates a physical barrier that protects the teeth, dental restorations, and jaw joints from the intense forces generated by involuntary grinding or clenching (bruxism). By cushioning the bite, the guard helps evenly distribute pressure across the jaw, reducing tooth wear, chipping, and facial pain associated with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) issues.
Selecting and Preparing Your Nightguard
Nightguards fall into two categories: custom-made devices provided by a dentist and over-the-counter (OTC) options. Custom guards are fabricated from a precise impression of your teeth, offering a snug fit that maximizes comfort and effectiveness. They are designed to align your specific bite and can be made from hard, soft, or hybrid materials.
OTC guards, such as “boil-and-bite” versions, are softened in hot water and molded to your teeth by biting down. While more economical, these guards are often bulkier and may not provide the precise bite alignment necessary for severe bruxism or TMJ issues. Follow the manufacturer’s directions carefully, as an inaccurate mold can be less protective and may contribute to jaw discomfort. An ill-fitting guard may be too loose, falling out during sleep, or too tight, causing pressure on the teeth and gums.
Step-by-Step Guide to Nightly Use
Before inserting the guard, complete your full nightly oral hygiene routine, including brushing and flossing. This prevents trapping debris and bacteria beneath the appliance, reducing the risk of odor and decay. Rinse your mouth and the nightguard with cool or lukewarm water just before placing it.
Using your fingers, gently press the guard over the designated arch—usually the upper teeth—until it securely snaps into place. Avoid biting it into position, as this can damage the guard or cause uneven pressure. The guard should feel secure enough that it does not shift or fall out when you open your mouth.
In the morning, gently remove the nightguard using your fingers, pulling it evenly from the arch. Immediately rinse it with water to wash away saliva and bacteria before they dry and adhere to the surface. Do not leave the guard in place after waking, as it can interfere with your natural bite alignment.
Essential Care and Storage
Immediately after removing the guard each morning, rinse it thoroughly under cool or lukewarm water. Use a soft-bristled toothbrush and a non-abrasive cleaner, such as mild liquid soap or a dedicated nightguard cleaner, to gently scrub all surfaces. Avoid using standard toothpaste, as its abrasive particles can scratch the plastic, creating grooves where bacteria can thrive and cause discoloration.
After cleaning, shake off excess water and allow the guard to air-dry completely on a clean, flat surface for 15 to 30 minutes. Store the fully dried nightguard in a clean, ventilated case. Never store the guard in an airtight container, as this traps moisture and promotes the growth of mold and bacteria. Keep the guard away from direct sunlight and hot water, as excessive heat can warp the plastic material, permanently compromising its fit.
Addressing Common Adjustment Issues
The initial period of wearing a nightguard involves a brief adjustment phase, typically lasting from a few days up to two weeks. Minor soreness in the jaw muscles or teeth is common during this time, as your muscles learn to relax with the device in place. Consistent use is the best way to move past this initial discomfort, as skipping nights resets the adaptation process.
New users often notice increased salivation or drooling because the mouth perceives the guard as a foreign object. This effect almost always subsides as your body adapts. Practicing wearing the guard for short periods before bed can help reduce the intensity of this initial response.
If the nightguard feels excessively bulky or causes a persistent gag reflex, it may be too thick or extend too far back on the palate. For custom guards, your dentist can often make adjustments to thin the edges or shorten the material. Minor roughness or sharp edges causing irritation can sometimes be gently smoothed with a clean nail file, but significant discomfort, pain, or an uneven bite requires a consultation with your dental provider for a professional adjustment.