A broken bone or injury requiring a cast does not always mean an end to water activities, but keeping the orthopedic device dry is paramount. Traditional casts, whether plaster or fiberglass, contain a lining that absorbs moisture readily. When this inner padding becomes wet, it creates a warm, damp environment that can lead to skin maceration, itching, and microbial growth, increasing the risk of infection. Furthermore, a wet cast can lose its structural integrity, compromising its ability to properly immobilize the injury for healing. Protecting the cast from water is a serious consideration for anyone contemplating time near a pool or other body of water.
Medical Clearance Before Entering the Water
Before considering any waterproofing method, consult with the orthopedic specialist responsible for the injury. Waterproofing techniques are only a protective layer, secondary to the stability of the injury itself. A physician must confirm that the current stage of healing and the specific injury are compatible with submersion or the physical demands of swimming.
Certain medical factors may prohibit water activity entirely, even with a protective cover. Injuries involving recent surgery, open wounds, or external fixation devices (like pins and wires) are generally not permitted to be exposed to water due to the high risk of infection. Additionally, specialized casts, particularly those with embedded electrical components for bone stimulation, must remain completely dry. Physician clearance is a prerequisite to ensure the safety of the healing process.
Utilizing Purpose-Built Cast Protectors
For individuals cleared for water exposure, the safest option for full immersion is a purpose-built, commercial cast protector. These devices are engineered to create a watertight seal, unlike basic shower covers designed only for splash protection. They are typically constructed from durable, medical-grade materials such as thick vinyl, PVC, or surgical latex.
A signature feature of a swim-rated cast protector is its robust sealing mechanism, often a tight, flexible aperture made of neoprene. Some models utilize a pump or valve to create a vacuum seal around the limb, ensuring a leak-proof barrier. When selecting a product, measure the cast’s circumference and length accurately to guarantee a snug fit without restricting blood flow. Even with a high-quality protector, limit the duration of submersion, as prolonged exposure increases the risk of seal failure.
The distinction between a waterproof cast and a cover is important. Some physicians may apply a fiberglass cast with a water-resistant liner, such as Gore-Tex, designed to drain and dry quickly. This type of cast can generally be submerged without a separate cover, but only in chlorinated pool water, as natural bodies of water contain contaminants. For traditional casts, the purpose-built cover acts as the primary barrier, requiring careful application to prevent a compromised seal.
Temporary Covers for Splashing Only
For situations involving minimal splash exposure, such as sitting poolside or short periods in a shower, people often use temporary, non-commercial solutions. These do-it-yourself covers typically involve slipping a heavy-duty plastic bag over the cast. The plastic is then secured tightly around the limb with multiple wraps of a waterproof adhesive, such as duct tape or electrical tape.
Recognize the limitations of these temporary, homemade methods. They are not rated for full submersion, and relying on them for swimming will result in cast wetting. The plastic material can easily tear or puncture, and the tape seal is prone to failure, allowing water to wick down the inside. These improvised barriers should be reserved only for quick, controlled exposure where the cast remains out of the water, acting as a defense against a stray splash.
Monitoring the Cast and Emergency Response
Following any water exposure, careful monitoring of the cast is necessary. The first sign of an issue is often an increase in itching or the sensation of dampness felt through the cast. A plaster cast may show visible soft spots or feel heavier, while a fiberglass cast may develop a foul or musty odor as moisture promotes bacterial growth.
If a traditional cast becomes wet, prompt action is required, starting with a call to the treating physician for guidance. Avoid using a hair dryer on a hot setting, as concentrated heat can cause skin burns underneath the cast. Instead, if advised by a doctor, use a hair dryer on the coolest setting, directing air into the open ends to encourage slow evaporation. The cast must then be monitored closely, and any signs of excessive moisture, skin irritation, or a persistent smell warrant a visit for a cast change.