Aloe vera is a popular and resilient succulent, recognizable by its thick, fleshy leaves. Like many desert plants, the aloe stores a significant amount of water directly in its leaves, which are composed of nearly 99% water. This adaptation means the plant requires a specific watering approach to thrive. Managing water intake is the biggest challenge, as overwatering is the most common reason for its decline.
Determining When to Water
The most important rule for watering an aloe plant is to allow the soil to dry out completely between waterings. Watering on a fixed calendar schedule is often a mistake because the rate of soil drying is dictated by the environment, including light, temperature, and humidity. Therefore, the plant’s needs, not the date, should determine the timing.
A simple “finger test” is the best method for checking the soil’s readiness. Insert your finger 2 to 3 inches deep into the potting mix to gauge the moisture level. If you feel any moisture at this depth, you must wait longer before watering.
For most indoor aloe plants, this drying process typically translates to a watering frequency of every two to four weeks. Environmental factors, such as high-intensity light or dry forced air heating, will shorten this time, while low light and high humidity will extend it. A small moisture meter can also be inserted halfway down the pot to confirm the soil is fully dry before proceeding.
The Deep Soak Technique
When the soil is confirmed to be completely dry, water the plant thoroughly and deeply. This “soak and dry” approach ensures the entire root system is saturated, mimicking a heavy rainfall in its native arid habitat. Pour water slowly and evenly over the soil surface until it begins to run freely from the pot’s drainage hole.
This deep watering encourages the root system to grow downwards, seeking moisture. It also helps to flush out any accumulated mineral salts from the soil. Direct the stream of water toward the soil, avoiding the central rosette, or crown, of the plant.
After soaking, allow the pot to drain fully for about 15 to 20 minutes. Any water that collects in the saucer beneath the pot must be discarded promptly. Leaving the plant to sit in standing water, often called “wet feet,” will quickly lead to root rot.
Troubleshooting Watering Mistakes
The aloe plant displays clear cues when its water balance is incorrect, allowing for easy diagnosis. Overwatering is indicated by leaves that feel soft, mushy, or squishy to the touch. These leaves may also turn yellow or become translucent, particularly near the base of the plant.
In extreme cases, the leaves may swell to the point of appearing blistered or burst open due to excess water pressure. This soft texture is a sign that the plant’s internal tissues are deteriorating, often from the onset of root rot.
Conversely, an underwatered aloe plant exhibits signs of dehydration. Its thick leaves will appear thin, shriveled, or wrinkled. The leaves may also begin to curl inwards, sometimes described as taking on a “taco” shape, as the plant uses up stored water. The tips of the leaves may also turn brown and become dry or brittle.