Washing a person’s hair in bed becomes necessary when injury, illness, or mobility limitations prevent them from using a traditional sink or shower. This process can be accomplished safely and effectively with the correct preparation and equipment. The goal is to provide a thorough cleansing for hygiene and comfort while ensuring the person remains dry and relaxed. A systematic approach helps maintain dignity and prevents unnecessary stress for both the caregiver and the person receiving care.
Essential Supplies and Bed Preparation
A successful in-bed hair wash requires gathering supplies to manage water and protect the environment. The most effective tool is an inflatable shampoo basin, designed with a neck cut-out and a drainage hose to channel water away from the bed. You will also need multiple pitchers for pouring water, two large buckets (one for clean, warm water and one for wastewater), and several large, absorbent towels.
Protecting the bed linens must be completed before introducing any water. Place a large waterproof pad, such as a chux pad or plastic sheet, beneath the person’s head and shoulders to create a moisture barrier. Layer this waterproof surface with one or two dry towels to absorb accidental splashes and provide a softer surface. The drainage hose from the basin must extend over the side of the bed and into the empty wastewater bucket on the floor.
Positioning the person correctly is the final preparation step to ensure comfort and proper drainage. Gently guide the person so their head is near the edge of the bed, allowing the basin to be comfortably placed underneath. The head should rest with the neck positioned in the basin’s cutout. A rolled towel can be placed around the neck opening for a soft seal and support. Ensure the person is warm and all supplies are within easy reach to minimize the time spent in a wet state.
The Step-by-Step Washing Process
The washing process requires careful water management, starting with temperature control to prevent scalding or chilling. The water should be comfortably warm, ideally around 100°F (37°C), which is effective for dissolving oils without irritating the scalp. Before pouring, ask the person to confirm the temperature by touching a small amount of water to their forearm or wrist.
Using a pitcher, slowly pour the warm water over the hair, starting near the hairline and working backward so the water immediately flows into the basin. This technique directs the water away from the face and minimizes the risk of water running into the ears or eyes. Continue pouring until the hair is saturated. Then, apply a small, dime-sized amount of mild shampoo directly to the scalp, as using too much shampoo makes rinsing excessively difficult.
Gently massage the scalp with the pads of your fingertips, using light circular motions to create a lather and dislodge dirt and oil. Avoid using fingernails, which can scratch and damage the delicate skin of the scalp. After a thorough lathering, begin the rinsing phase by pouring fresh, warm water over the scalp from the pitcher. This must be done meticulously, often requiring several pitchers of water, until all traces of suds and residue are gone and the runoff water is clear.
If the person uses conditioner, apply a small amount primarily to the mid-shaft and ends of the hair, avoiding the scalp. Allow the product to sit for the recommended time, then repeat the rinsing process until the hair feels clean and smooth. Continuously monitor the wastewater bucket throughout the washing and rinsing to prevent overflow, ensuring the drain hose remains properly submerged to catch all runoff.
Safe Drying Techniques and Comfort
Once the final rinse is complete, immediately transition to drying to prevent chilling. Before removing the basin, gently squeeze excess water from the hair with your hands to lighten the load. Wrap the entire head in a large, dry, absorbent towel, pressing and patting the hair to soak up the majority of the moisture.
Remove the basin and all wet materials, including the waterproof pad and damp towels, from underneath the person immediately. Replace any wet pillows or linens with dry ones to restore a warm and comfortable environment. Placing a dry towel or blanket around the shoulders helps retain body heat, as wet hair can cause a rapid drop in temperature.
For the final drying, continue to towel-dry the hair until it is mostly damp. Use a hairdryer set to the lowest heat and speed setting if the person prefers a quicker dry. Hold the dryer at least six to eight inches away from the head to prevent heat damage. If a hairdryer is not preferred, gently pat the hair with a dry towel until it is no longer dripping, allowing the remaining moisture to air-dry.
Gently check the person’s neck, shoulders, and the back of their head for any residual dampness missed during the initial drying. Ensuring all skin surfaces are dry helps prevent irritation and maintains comfort. Once the hair is fully dry, comb or brush it into a preferred style to complete the process.