Therapy putty is a specialized, malleable, silicone-based material used in physical and occupational therapy to provide resistance for hand and finger exercises. It is non-toxic, latex-free, and formulated to maintain a consistent resistance level even with repeated use. Its primary function is to strengthen hand muscles, improve dexterity, and increase the overall range of motion in the fingers and wrist following injury, surgery, or due to conditions like arthritis. Manipulating the putty engages both the intrinsic hand muscles and the extrinsic muscles of the forearm, which control finger movement and grip.
Selecting the Correct Resistance Level
Therapy putty resistance is standardized using a color-coding system, which allows for a progressive strengthening program. Levels range from the softest, suited for early rehabilitation, to the firmest, intended for advanced strengthening. While specific colors may vary by brand, the common sequence progresses through Tan (XX-Soft), Yellow (X-Soft), Red (Soft), Green (Medium), Blue (Firm), and Black (X-Firm).
The appropriate resistance level is determined by the user’s current strength and therapeutic goals. For example, a person recovering from a tendon repair would begin with a very soft resistance to gently initiate movement. As strength improves and exercises become easier, the user should transition to the next, firmer color. This gradual increase in resistance progressively challenges the hand and forearm muscles to build strength and endurance.
Essential Strengthening and Dexterity Exercises
The most effective use of therapy putty involves performing specific movements that challenge different muscle groups. For developing overall hand strength, the Power Grip exercise is fundamental. Form the putty into a ball and place it in the palm, then squeeze it firmly into a full fist, holding the contraction for one to two seconds. Repeat this motion for ten repetitions across two to three sets to target the flexor muscles that control gripping.
To improve dexterity and fine motor control, focus on Pinching Exercises. The Tip Pinch involves rolling the putty into a small ball and pinching it between the tip of the thumb and the tip of each finger sequentially, forming a small ‘O’ shape.
The Lateral Pinch involves rolling the putty into a short sausage shape and squeezing it between the side of the index finger and the pad of the thumb, mimicking the action of turning a key. Both variations should be repeated for ten presses with each finger combination to engage the thumb’s intrinsic muscles.
To target the extensor muscles, which are often neglected, perform the Finger Extension exercise. Roll the putty into a thick cylinder, shape it into a ring, and loop it around all five fingers, including the thumb, at the middle joint. The motion involves spreading the fingers apart against the resistance of the putty ring, strengthening the muscles responsible for opening the hand. Complete ten slow repetitions of this spreading action for two sets.
For focused grip strength, the Hook Grip isolates the muscles that bend the fingertips while keeping the main knuckles straight. Form the putty into a thick rope and place it in the palm at the base of the fingers. Curl only the fingertips toward the palm to create a hook shape. Pulling the fingertips into the putty against its resistance strengthens the deep flexor tendons, which is important for carrying bags or gripping handles.
Maintaining and Storing Therapy Putty
Proper care ensures the putty’s longevity and maintains its consistency for effective strengthening. Before exercising, wash and thoroughly dry your hands to prevent the transfer of dirt, oils, and debris into the putty. If small particles become embedded, they can be removed by pressing a larger, clean chunk of putty onto the contaminated area, as the putty adheres to itself.
To prevent the putty from drying out or hardening, store it immediately after use in its original, air-tight plastic container. The silicone material is susceptible to damage from extreme temperatures, so keep the container away from direct heat sources like radiators or sunny windows. Also, keep the putty away from porous materials like fabric and carpeting, as it can ooze into the fibers and cause permanent staining.