Swimmer’s ear drops are preparations designed to treat or prevent an infection of the outer ear canal, known as Otitis Externa. These drops work by addressing the common cause of the infection: water trapped in the ear canal, which creates a moist environment for bacteria or fungus to grow. Over-the-counter versions often contain isopropyl alcohol and glycerin, acting as drying agents to remove excess water and discourage microbial growth. Prescription drops typically contain antibiotics, a steroid to reduce inflammation, or an acidic solution to help restore the ear’s natural defenses.
Before You Apply the Drops
Wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water to prevent introducing contaminants to the dropper or the ear. Check the bottle’s expiration date and look for changes in the liquid, such as cloudiness or particles, which indicate the drops should not be used. Cold drops can cause temporary discomfort or vertigo, so warm the bottle by holding it in your hands for a few minutes to bring the liquid closer to body temperature. Never attempt to warm the bottle using hot water or a microwave, as this can damage the medication.
Before application, gently clean the outer ear (pinna), but strictly avoid inserting anything into the ear canal, including cotton swabs or fingers. Inserting objects can push earwax or debris deeper, potentially damaging the delicate skin and worsening the infection. If the ear canal appears significantly blocked with discharge or wax, consult a healthcare professional, as the ear may need to be professionally cleaned before the drops can work effectively.
Step-by-Step Application Technique
To ensure the drops travel the full length of the ear canal, lie down on your side or tilt your head so the affected ear faces directly upward. To straighten the natural curve of the ear canal, gently pull the outer ear (pinna) upward and backward for adults, or downward and backward for children. Straightening the canal opens the passage, allowing the drops to penetrate deep into the ear.
Administer the prescribed number of drops, holding the dropper just above the ear opening without letting the tip touch the ear or any other surface. Contact can contaminate the entire bottle, making the remaining solution unsafe. After placing the drops, gently press the small piece of cartilage in front of the ear opening, known as the tragus, in an in-and-out motion. This action creates a slight pressure change that helps move the liquid deeper into the ear canal.
Maintain the head-tilted position for a specified period, usually between three to five minutes, allowing the medication sufficient time to coat the infected area. If any excess liquid runs out of the ear after this time, simply wipe it away with a clean tissue. Do not plug the ear canal with cotton wool unless specifically instructed by a doctor, as this can trap moisture and impede the healing process.
Storage and When to Avoid Use
After application, immediately replace the cap firmly and store the ear drops in a cool, dark, and dry place, away from direct sunlight and the reach of children. Most ear drops can be kept at room temperature, but always check the specific instructions, as some require refrigeration. Once opened, most ear drops should be discarded after a maximum of four weeks due to the risk of contamination, even if the overall expiration date is further out.
Avoid using swimmer’s ear drops if you suspect or know you have a perforated eardrum or ear tubes. Certain ingredients can cause severe irritation or damage if they enter the middle ear through a hole in the eardrum, so a medical professional must be consulted first. Seek medical attention and avoid using drops if you experience symptoms like severe pain, pus or bloody drainage, or a fever, as these may indicate a more serious condition. If your symptoms fail to improve within 48 to 72 hours of beginning treatment, contact your doctor for an evaluation.