Swimmer’s ear, medically known as otitis externa, is an infection or inflammation of the ear canal. This condition often results when water gets trapped in the ear after activities like swimming, creating a moist environment where bacteria or fungi can thrive. Swimmer’s ear drops typically contain agents like isopropyl alcohol or acetic acid to dry the ear canal and restore its protective acidic balance. Prescription drops may contain antibiotics and corticosteroids to fight infection and reduce inflammation. Proper application technique is necessary to ensure the solution reaches the affected area and works effectively.
Essential Safety Checks Before Use
Before applying any drops, determine the integrity of the eardrum. You should not use ear drops if you suspect a perforated eardrum, as certain ingredients, especially aminoglycoside antibiotics, can cause damage if they reach the middle ear. Symptoms suggesting a tear include sudden severe pain, pus or blood-tinged fluid draining from the ear, or new symptoms like ringing or hearing loss. If any of these signs are present, consult a healthcare provider immediately.
Cold ear drops can stimulate the inner ear and potentially cause temporary dizziness or vertigo. To prevent this, warm the bottle by holding it in your hands for one to two minutes before use; never use hot water or a microwave. Always wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water before handling the bottle to prevent contamination.
Proper Technique for Administering Ear Drops
The patient should lie down on their side or tilt their head so the affected ear points directly toward the ceiling. This positioning utilizes gravity to help the liquid flow deep into the ear canal. The ear canal must be straightened to provide a clear path for the medication. For adults and older children, gently pull the outer ear, or pinna, upward and backward.
For younger children, the outer ear must be gently pulled downward and backward instead. Hold the dropper tip just above the ear canal opening, taking care not to let the tip touch the ear itself to avoid contamination. Instill the precise number of drops as directed by the product instructions or your healthcare provider. After the drops are administered, gently press the small flap of cartilage over the ear opening, known as the tragus, to help push the solution further into the ear canal.
Post-Application Care and Drainage
Maintain the head-tilted position for a specified period to allow the solution to fully coat the walls of the ear canal. This waiting time is typically three to five minutes, which ensures the medication has sufficient contact time to work.
Once the waiting period is complete, slowly tilt the head to the opposite side to allow the remaining liquid to drain out. Gently wipe this excess solution from the outer ear with a clean tissue or cloth. Avoid inserting the tissue into the ear canal, which could push the solution back up or cause irritation. If treatment is required for both ears, repeat the entire process, including the waiting time, for the second ear.