Rain barrels are simple systems that capture and store rainwater runoff from a roof, typically via a downspout. This practice, known as rainwater harvesting, conserves municipal water resources and reduces stormwater runoff. By diverting water that would otherwise flow into storm drains, rain barrels help prevent erosion and keep excess volume out of public systems. The stored water provides a free, readily available source for outdoor tasks, lowering household water bills and promoting sustainable landscape management.
Installation and Setup
The process of installing a rain barrel begins with selecting the ideal location, which must be near a downspout and on level ground. A full 55-gallon barrel can weigh over 400 pounds, making a stable, flat foundation necessary to prevent tipping. You should elevate the barrel on a sturdy base, such as cinder blocks or a specialized stand, which improves water pressure for easier use with a hose or watering can.
Next, you must modify the downspout to direct water into the barrel’s inlet. This typically involves cutting the downspout and installing a diverter kit or an elbow section just above the barrel’s top opening. A downspout diverter is a popular option because it automatically channels water into the barrel until it is full, then redirects the overflow back into the original downspout system.
A secure connection between the downspout and the barrel’s inlet is important to keep debris out of the stored water. Finally, you must manage the overflow by connecting a hose to the barrel’s overflow port to direct excess water at least ten feet away from the home’s foundation. This step is a necessary precaution to protect your foundation from water damage caused by heavy rain events.
Practical Applications for Collected Water
The water collected in a rain barrel is considered non-potable, meaning it is not safe for drinking, cooking, or bathing without extensive treatment. This is because the water runs off a roof surface, potentially picking up contaminants like bird droppings, dust, and roof material particles. While not suitable for consumption, the water is excellent for most outdoor uses where direct human contact is minimal.
The primary application for harvested rainwater is landscape irrigation, as it is naturally soft and free of the chlorine and chemicals found in municipal tap water. This makes it beneficial for watering vegetable gardens, flower beds, and container plants. You can use the water for washing tasks, such as rinsing off gardening tools, cleaning patio furniture, and washing your car.
Collected water can also be used to top off decorative water features like bird baths or ponds, provided you use the water quickly to prevent stagnation. Using the stored water regularly is encouraged to ensure the freshest supply for your outdoor needs and maximize water conservation efforts.
Essential Maintenance and Safety
Regular maintenance is required to keep a rain barrel system functioning efficiently and safely. Routine cleaning involves occasionally draining the barrel completely, especially after pollen season, and flushing out accumulated sediment or debris through the bottom spigot. If you notice organic buildup, scrubbing the interior walls with a mild soap solution and rinsing thoroughly will help prevent algae growth.
Mosquito control is a safety consideration, as standing water provides an ideal breeding environment for the insects. All openings, including the inlet and overflow ports, must be covered with a fine mesh screen to block adult mosquitoes from laying eggs. If larvae are present, treat the water with a biological larvicide containing Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (BTI), commonly sold as mosquito dunks, which is harmless to plants and most other wildlife.
In regions with cold climates, winterization is necessary to prevent the barrel from cracking due to freezing water expansion. Before the first hard freeze, you must fully drain the rain barrel and disconnect it from the downspout. The downspout should be reconfigured to its original state to direct water away from the foundation, and the barrel should be stored upside down or indoors until spring.