Evening primrose oil (EPO) is a natural supplement derived from the seeds of the evening primrose plant, a yellow wildflower native to North and South America. It contains omega-6 fatty acids, including gamma-linolenic acid (GLA). Historically, Native Americans used parts of the primrose plant for treating various ailments, such as wounds and skin irritations. Some individuals explore EPO as a natural remedy, particularly for pregnancy and labor preparation.
How Primrose Oil May Influence Labor
Evening primrose oil is thought to influence labor primarily through its gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) content. GLA is an omega-6 fatty acid that the body can convert into prostaglandins. Prostaglandins are hormone-like substances that play a significant role in softening and thinning the cervix, a process known as cervical ripening. A ripened cervix is softer, thinner, and begins to open, indicating readiness for labor.
The theoretical mechanism suggests that by increasing prostaglandin production, EPO helps prepare the cervix for dilation and effacement, crucial steps in labor progression. This proposed action leads some to believe EPO could potentially shorten labor or reduce the need for medical induction. However, this is a theoretical mechanism, not a guaranteed outcome.
Administering Primrose Oil
EPO is available in capsule form for oral or vaginal use. While there is no universally standard dosage, common practices suggest starting EPO around 37 to 38 weeks of pregnancy. Oral dosages often range from 500 to 2000 milligrams daily. For example, some approaches suggest taking one 500 mg capsule orally twice a day.
For vaginal application, a common method involves inserting one or more gelcaps deep into the vagina, often before bed. Some individuals might prick a hole in the capsule with a clean needle before insertion to allow the oil to release more easily. It is common for some oil to leak, so wearing a panty liner is often recommended.
Current Research and Important Warnings
Scientific evidence regarding the effectiveness of evening primrose oil for labor induction is mixed and often inconclusive. Some studies suggest that vaginal application of EPO may be more effective at ripening the cervix compared to oral ingestion. However, other research indicates that oral administration of EPO may not significantly affect the length of pregnancy or labor duration.
Many studies on EPO’s effectiveness have been small, and more comprehensive research is needed for definitive conclusions. Medical professionals do not universally recommend EPO for labor induction due to this lack of conclusive evidence and safety concerns. Potential side effects include gastrointestinal upset such as headaches, upset stomach, nausea, or loose stools.
EPO may also increase the chance of bruising and bleeding due to its blood-thinning effect, which is concerning for individuals with bleeding disorders or those taking anticoagulant medications. Some research suggests a possible association between EPO use and a longer active phase of labor, increased need for oxytocin augmentation, or prolonged rupture of membranes. Additionally, EPO should be avoided by individuals with epilepsy or schizophrenia, as it may increase the risk of seizures. Given these considerations, consult with a healthcare provider before using evening primrose oil for labor induction to ensure it is appropriate and safe.