Pocket gophers are burrowing rodents that pose a significant threat to home landscapes, distinct from moles which primarily feed on insects. These herbivores feed on plant roots, bulbs, and turf, creating extensive underground tunnel systems that result in unsightly, fan-shaped mounds of soil across lawns and gardens. Their constant tunneling can quickly destroy irrigation lines and compromise the structural integrity of yards. For homeowners seeking reliable control, trapping remains the most effective method to manage these subterranean pests.
Identifying Active Gopher Tunnel Systems
Successful gopher trapping begins with accurately locating the main runway of the tunnel system. Gophers push dirt out through lateral tunnels, forming characteristic fan-shaped mounds where the soil plug is noticeably off-center. While these mounds indicate activity, they are merely disposal points and not the ideal placement for a trap.
The main runway is typically found 6 to 12 inches below the surface, connecting multiple mounds and feeding tunnels. To locate this central passage, use a slender probe, such as a metal rod or thick dowel, to search the ground 8 to 12 inches away from the dirt plug side of a fresh mound. Gently push the probe into the soil until it suddenly drops an inch or two without resistance, signaling that the main tunnel has been breached. Traps must be centered within this main line of travel rather than the smaller, dead-end feeder tunnels that lead to the surface.
Selecting and Preparing the Appropriate Trap
After identifying an active runway, choose a trap type. The two most common types are pincer-style traps (such as the Macabee or Cinch) and box or tunnel traps. Pincer traps are quick-setting and sensitive, but require precise alignment within the tunnel for a successful catch.
Box traps are typically bulkier and often enclosed, making them safer to handle and less likely to be prematurely triggered by debris. While reusable, their size sometimes requires a larger excavation to fit correctly into the main runway.
Before deploying any new trap, remove manufacturing oils or human scent that might deter the sensitive gopher. This can be accomplished by boiling the traps in water or burying them in soil for a few days to allow them to weather naturally. Eliminating foreign odors increases the trap’s effectiveness, as gophers rely heavily on their sense of smell.
Attach a length of wire or light chain to the trap’s end, securing the other end to a stake or nearby object. This tether prevents the gopher from dragging the trap deeper into the tunnel system after capture.
Step-by-Step Trap Setting and Installation
The installation process begins by carefully excavating an access hole directly over the located main runway using a trowel or small shovel. The opening should be wide enough to easily maneuver both hands and the traps while minimizing disturbed soil. Clear the exposed tunnel of loose dirt to ensure the trap mechanism remains unobstructed.
Use two traps simultaneously, placing one in each direction of the exposed main runway, as the gopher could be traveling from either side. Set each trap according to the manufacturer’s directions, ensuring the trigger plate is sensitive enough to activate with minimal disturbance. Pincer-style traps involve compressing the springs and locking the trigger arm, while box traps require setting a spring-loaded door or trigger plate.
Insert the traps deep into the tunnel, ensuring they are level and centered within the passage. The trigger plate or loop must be positioned directly in the gopher’s path of travel. Do not use bait; gophers possess a strong instinct to quickly seal any breach in their tunnel system and will approach the opening regardless of food incentive. Their motivation to plug the breach brings them directly into the trap.
After the traps are placed, the access hole must be securely covered to block all light and air circulation. This encourages the gopher to approach the trap while attempting to seal the breach. Covering materials can include a piece of sod, a small sheet of plywood, or a board, which should be weighted down to prevent accidental displacement. The complete darkness and lack of air movement stimulate the gopher’s natural sealing behavior, making the trap placement more effective.
Monitoring, Removal, and Safety Guidelines
Once the traps are set and the access hole is covered, monitor them regularly. Traps should be checked at least twice daily, ideally in the early morning and late evening, as gophers can be active at various times.
When handling a captured gopher, wear heavy-duty gloves for safety and hygiene. The captured gopher should be removed carefully and disposed of according to local guidelines. All traps, especially exposed pincer-style types, must be kept away from areas accessible to household pets and small children to prevent accidental injury.