Finger traps are specialized medical devices used in orthopedic settings to facilitate hand and wrist procedures. Their primary function involves providing gentle, continuous traction to the affected limb. This controlled pulling force helps align bones and tissues, preparing the area for further intervention. They are particularly useful for precise positioning and stability during delicate orthopedic work.
Understanding Finger Traps in Orthopedics
Finger traps operate on a principle similar to the traditional Chinese finger puzzle, where pulling tightens the grip, yet they are designed to apply traction safely. They are typically constructed from a woven mesh material, often nylon, which allows them to conform snugly to the fingers while distributing pressure evenly. Some variations also exist made from stainless steel wire or even bamboo, offering different properties regarding reusability and patient comfort.
Orthopedic specialists use finger traps for several purposes. A primary application is aiding the closed reduction of fractures, especially those involving the distal radius (wrist). The sustained traction helps to overcome muscle spasm and realign fractured bone segments. These devices also play a role in joint distraction for procedures like wrist arthroscopy, where separating joint surfaces improves visualization and access for surgical instruments. Furthermore, they can maintain proper alignment during imaging or while applying a cast.
Applying Finger Traps: A Step-by-Step Guide
The application of finger traps begins with patient preparation and selection of the appropriate device size. Medical professionals position the arm, often with the shoulder at 90 degrees and the elbow bent at a 90-degree angle, allowing the forearm to hang freely. For patients with thin or delicate skin, such as pediatric or geriatric individuals, the fingers may be wrapped with a protective material like Coban or foam tape to prevent irritation.
The medical professional selects specific fingers, typically the index and middle, to be placed in the traps. Depending on the fracture type or required traction, the thumb or ring finger might also be included. Each selected finger is carefully slid into the woven mesh of the finger trap. The design allows the trap to tighten gently around the finger as traction is applied, providing a secure hold without being constrictive.
Once the fingers are securely in the traps, the traction system is engaged. This usually involves attaching the finger traps to a suspension system, such as an IV pole, a specialized wrist traction tower, or an overhead frame. The height of the suspension system is adjusted so that the arm is suspended, and gravity assists in providing continuous, gentle traction. Counter-traction may be applied to the upper arm to ensure the pulling force is effective and distributed appropriately.
Patient Experience During Use
Patients will typically feel a gentle, continuous pulling or stretching sensation in their hand and wrist as the traction is applied. This controlled force helps to gradually reduce swelling and realign bones, which can also help alleviate pain. The limb is suspended in a way that allows gravity to assist the traction, promoting muscle relaxation.
It is common for the fingers placed in the traps to appear slightly discolored, often turning a purplish hue, due to the pressure and altered circulation. Patients are usually informed that this is a normal and temporary effect, and that normal color will return once the traps are removed. The duration of finger trap application varies based on the procedure, allowing for sufficient reduction and preparation for casting.
Important Safety Measures and Removal
Medical professionals implement several safety measures when using finger traps. Throughout the procedure, constant monitoring of the patient’s circulation and nerve function in the affected hand and fingers is performed. This includes checking capillary refill, assessing sensation, and observing for any signs of nerve compression or excessive pressure on the skin. While complications are uncommon, prolonged or excessive traction can potentially lead to issues such as nerve neuropraxia, blistering of the skin, or finger edema.
To further mitigate risks, particularly with stainless steel finger traps, the fingers may be wrapped with sterile tape before application to reduce the chance of skin trauma. The force applied through the traction system is carefully controlled, typically not exceeding 10-15 pounds, to maintain effectiveness while avoiding harm. Once the orthopedic procedure is complete, the finger traps are removed by gently compressing the loops or releasing the traction system, allowing the fingers to be easily withdrawn without discomfort.