Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is a chemical compound recognized for its notable solvent properties and its ability to penetrate biological membranes. This colorless liquid has found various applications across different fields, including its historical use in some medical contexts. This article provides practical guidance for the safe and effective topical application of DMSO, focusing on purity, proper usage, safety measures, and storage.
Understanding DMSO Purity and Forms
When considering DMSO for topical use, purity is paramount. Different grades exist, from industrial to pharmaceutical. Pharmaceutical-grade (99.9% pure or higher) is recommended for human applications, as industrial grades may contain impurities unsuitable for contact. High purity minimizes the risk of introducing contaminants to the skin, which DMSO can carry into the body. DMSO is available in liquid, gel, and cream forms, depending on user preference or application area.
Topical Application Guidelines
Proper preparation of the skin and hands is an important first step before applying DMSO topically. Wash the intended application area with warm water and soap, then pat dry to remove any substances that might interact negatively with DMSO. Clean your hands thoroughly, using soap and water, and consider wearing disposable gloves to prevent unintended absorption or transfer.
DMSO is often used in diluted concentrations for topical application, ranging from 5% to 90%. If starting with a highly concentrated solution (e.g., 99.9%), dilution with distilled water or aloe vera is recommended. To achieve a 70% solution, for instance, mix 7 parts DMSO with 3 parts diluent by volume.
Before widespread application, perform a patch test on a small, discreet skin area to check for sensitivity. Apply a small amount of the diluted solution and observe for any adverse reactions like itching, redness, or irritation within the first few minutes. If suitable, apply the DMSO solution to the skin using a clean applicator, cotton ball, or gloved hand, ensuring the area is covered and allowed to air dry completely.
Safety Considerations and Potential Side Effects
Topical DMSO use can lead to side effects, with skin irritation being common. Individuals may experience redness, itching, or a burning sensation at the application site. These mild reactions can be managed by further diluting the DMSO solution or reducing application frequency.
A distinct side effect is a garlic-like odor on the breath and skin, occurring as DMSO is metabolized and excreted. This odor can be noticeable and may persist for several hours or up to 72 hours. Gastrointestinal disturbances have also been reported, though these are transient and mild.
Due to its solvent properties and ability to enhance absorption, DMSO should be used cautiously with other topical medications or substances. Combining DMSO with other products could increase their absorption, leading to unintended effects. Avoid contact with eyes and mucous membranes, as irritation can occur.
Consulting a healthcare professional before using DMSO is advisable, especially for individuals who are pregnant, breastfeeding, or managing existing health conditions like diabetes, liver, or kidney problems. DMSO has not been extensively studied in these populations and may interact with certain medications, such as blood thinners or insulin. Severe, but rare, side effects include allergic reactions like hives or facial swelling, requiring immediate medical attention.
Proper Storage and Handling
Maintaining DMSO quality and stability requires proper storage. Store DMSO in a cool, dark place, away from direct sunlight, heat, and ignition sources, as it is combustible. An ideal storage temperature is 20-22°C (68-72°F).
DMSO has a freezing point of 18.5°C (65°F), meaning it can solidify or crystallize at room temperatures. This solidification does not affect the product’s quality or efficacy. If solidified, it can be safely re-liquefied by placing the container in a warm water bath (not exceeding 50°C/122°F) or by allowing it to thaw at room temperature.
Always keep the container tightly sealed to prevent evaporation and absorption of water from the air, as DMSO is hygroscopic. Storing DMSO in glass containers is recommended, as it can react with some plastics. Always store DMSO out of the reach of children and pets.