Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) is an organosulfur compound initially derived as a byproduct of wood pulp processing. This clear, colorless liquid is a powerful chemical solvent known for its ability to rapidly penetrate the skin barrier. While it is used in alternative health practices for joint pain and inflammation, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has only approved DMSO for specific human uses, such as the treatment of interstitial cystitis, not general joint pain relief. This guide outlines the proper and safe steps for those who choose to use DMSO topically for musculoskeletal discomfort.
Understanding DMSO’s Mechanism for Pain Relief
Users often turn to DMSO for joint discomfort because of its unique biophysical properties. The compound’s molecular structure allows it to easily pass through biological membranes, including the skin, enabling localized delivery of its effects. This rapid absorption means it can reach underlying tissues, such as the joint capsule and surrounding muscles, far more efficiently than many traditional topical creams.
Once absorbed, DMSO is believed to exert both anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. It may help reduce inflammation by decreasing the production of inflammatory compounds like cytokines. Additionally, DMSO appears to block the conduction of pain signals in peripheral nerve C fibers. The compound also functions as a free radical scavenger, potentially protecting tissues from damage.
Essential Safety and Preparation Protocols
Before any application, it is paramount to confirm the DMSO product is pharmaceutical-grade, typically labeled as 99.9% pure, to minimize the risk of introducing contaminants. Industrial-grade DMSO can contain impurities that are harmful when absorbed through the skin. Since applying full-strength DMSO can cause severe irritation, dilution is required for topical use, commonly to a concentration between 50% and 70%.
To dilute the solution, only sterile or distilled water should be used, as tap or filtered water may contain minerals or contaminants that DMSO can carry into the skin. For example, a 70% solution is created by mixing seven parts of 99.9% DMSO with three parts of distilled water. A crucial safety measure is performing a patch test on a small, inconspicuous area of skin, such as the forearm, at least 24 hours before a full application. This allows the user to monitor for excessive redness, blistering, or intense burning, which would indicate a need to either stop use or further dilute the solution.
The area of skin to be treated and the hands of the person applying the solution must be thoroughly cleaned with mild soap and water to remove any dirt, oils, or lotions. This step is non-negotiable because the solvent properties of DMSO mean it can transport any substance on the skin’s surface deep into the body. Contaminants, including residues from soaps, perfumes, or other topical medications, can be absorbed, potentially causing adverse effects.
Step-by-Step Application Guide
When beginning the application process, wear clean, non-latex gloves, as DMSO can easily absorb through the skin of the hands and carry potential impurities. The solution should be applied using a clean cotton ball, a sterile gauze pad, or a fresh brush, rather than rubbing it in vigorously with bare hands. This helps to ensure a sanitary and even distribution over the affected joint area.
Apply only a thin, uniform layer of the diluted DMSO solution to the painful joint; saturation is unnecessary and can increase the risk of skin irritation. The application should cover the joint completely, and a small amount, often described as a light coat of liquid, is usually sufficient.
After the solution has been applied, allow it to air-dry completely, which typically takes about 20 to 30 minutes, before the area is covered with clothing or bandaged. Application frequency often begins once daily to gauge the body’s reaction, and if tolerated, it may be increased to a maximum of twice per day.
Potential Side Effects and Drug Interactions
The most common systemic side effect of topical DMSO use is a distinct, garlic-like odor on the breath and body, which may also manifest as a taste in the mouth. This odor is caused by the metabolic breakdown of DMSO into dimethyl sulfide, a sulfur compound excreted through the lungs and skin. Localized skin reactions at the application site are also frequent, including temporary redness, itching, a burning sensation, or dryness.
These localized reactions are often mild, but users should immediately discontinue use if blistering, severe pain, or a widespread rash occurs. DMSO can enhance the absorption of other medications, presenting a significant risk of drug interactions. Applying DMSO simultaneously with other topical products, such as pain creams, steroids, or cosmetics, can drive these substances deeper into the tissues, potentially increasing their effects or side effects.
There is also a risk of interaction with systemic medications, as enhanced absorption may increase drug levels in the bloodstream. DMSO may intensify the effects of blood thinners, heart medications, and sedatives. Anyone taking prescription medication should consult a healthcare provider before using DMSO.