An oxygen concentrator is a medical device that provides supplemental oxygen by filtering and concentrating ambient air. The machine takes in air, which is approximately 21% oxygen, and delivers a highly concentrated stream, typically 90% to 95% pure oxygen, to the user. This process is achieved by selectively removing nitrogen using a molecular sieve, making the concentrator a safer and more convenient alternative to traditional oxygen tanks that require refilling.
Preparing the Concentrator for First Use
Place the oxygen concentrator in a well-ventilated area, ensuring it is positioned at least 1 to 2 feet away from walls, furniture, curtains, or any objects that could block the air intake vents. This distance allows the machine to pull in room air efficiently and prevents overheating. If the prescribed oxygen flow rate is higher than 2-3 liters per minute, a humidifier bottle is often necessary to moisten the oxygen and prevent dryness in the nasal passages and throat.
If a humidifier is required, fill the bottle with distilled water up to the maximum fill line. Tap water should be avoided because its mineral content can cause calcification and buildup, potentially damaging the machine or hindering oxygen delivery. The filled humidifier bottle screws directly onto the oxygen outlet port. The oxygen tubing or cannula then connects to the nipple outlet on the bottle’s lid, or directly to the concentrator’s outlet port for models without a humidifier.
Daily Operation and Adjusting Oxygen Flow
Plug the power cord directly into a grounded electrical outlet and confirm that the intake filter is properly seated in its slot. Once the machine is turned on, it requires a brief period, typically 15 to 20 minutes, to warm up and reach its optimal oxygen concentration level. This warm-up time is when the internal components, such as the molecular sieve beds, begin the process of concentrating the oxygen.
The flow rate must be set precisely to the liters per minute (LPM) prescribed by a healthcare provider, using the flow meter knob. Adjust the knob until the center of the indicator ball aligns exactly with the prescribed numerical line. Indicator lights on the machine will confirm its status; a green light typically shows the unit is operating normally with proper oxygen purity. Yellow or red lights may signal lower-than-normal purity or a system shutdown, requiring immediate action and a switch to a backup oxygen source.
The nasal cannula, which has two prongs, should be inserted gently into the nostrils with the curved side pointing inward, resting comfortably over the ears and secured under the chin. Regularly check the tubing for any kinks or obstructions that could reduce the flow of oxygen before each use.
Essential Safety Precautions
Oxygen is a fire accelerant, meaning it causes existing fires to burn hotter and faster. Fire safety is the most serious consideration for concentrator use. No smoking, open flames, or sparking objects are allowed within at least 10 feet of the concentrator or the oxygen tubing. This includes lighters, matches, candles, gas stoves, and flammable materials like petroleum-based lubricants, which should be substituted with water-based products.
Always plug the concentrator directly into a wall outlet and never use an extension cord, which can overheat or fail to provide a consistent electrical current, potentially damaging the unit or creating a fire hazard. The oxygen tubing presents a physical hazard and should be routed carefully to prevent anyone from tripping over it. If you have a backup oxygen tank, it must be stored in a cool, well-ventilated area and secured with a chain or strap to prevent it from falling over, as a broken valve can turn the cylinder into a dangerous projectile.
Routine Cleaning and Maintenance
The exterior cabinet of the unit should be wiped down periodically with a damp cloth and a mild detergent, avoiding any liquids that could seep into the internal components. The intake filter, often located on the side or back of the unit, should be removed and cleaned at least once a week.
Cleaning the intake filter involves washing it in warm water with a mild soap, thoroughly rinsing it, and allowing it to air dry completely before re-installing it. Operating the concentrator with a wet filter or no filter at all can compromise the internal components and reduce oxygen purity. The nasal cannula or oxygen mask and the long oxygen tubing should be checked for signs of wear, damage, or kinking and typically require replacement every three to six months. The humidifier bottle, if used, needs daily washing to prevent the growth of bacteria and should be refilled with fresh distilled water.