An oxygen concentrator is a medical device that provides individuals with concentrated oxygen at home, often prescribed for respiratory conditions. Unlike oxygen tanks that store compressed oxygen, a concentrator filters and purifies air from the surrounding environment. This process delivers a continuous supply of oxygen, enhancing respiratory support for users.
Understanding Your Device
An oxygen concentrator operates by drawing in ambient room air, which typically contains about 21% oxygen and 78% nitrogen. A compressor forces this air through sieve beds that absorb nitrogen, allowing the higher concentration of oxygen to pass through. The purified oxygen is then delivered through an oxygen outlet. External components include a control panel to manage settings, an air intake filter (often located on the side or back), an electrical cord for power, and an output for oxygen tubing and a nasal cannula or mask. If prescribed, a humidifier bottle can be connected to the oxygen outlet to add moisture to the delivered oxygen, preventing dryness in the nasal passages.
Setting Up and Operating Your Concentrator
Proper placement of your oxygen concentrator is important for its efficiency and safety. The machine should be positioned at least 1 to 2 feet (30-60 cm) away from walls, furniture, or curtains to ensure adequate air circulation and prevent overheating. Placing it on a hard, flat surface is also recommended, and nothing should be placed on top of the unit.
Once positioned, connect the power cord directly into a grounded electrical outlet, ensuring it is the only item plugged into that specific outlet. Avoid using extension cords or power strips, as these can pose a fire risk due to the concentrator’s power draw. If a humidifier bottle is prescribed, fill it with distilled water, then securely attach it to the concentrator’s oxygen outlet. This helps moisten the oxygen, which can prevent dryness in your nose and mouth.
Next, attach the oxygen tubing to the humidifier bottle’s nipple outlet or directly to the concentrator’s oxygen outlet if no humidifier is used. Connect the nasal cannula or oxygen mask to the other end of the tubing and fit it comfortably onto your face. Before use, ensure the air filter is properly in place.
To begin operation, turn the power switch to the “on” position; you may hear an alarm sound until the proper pressure is reached. Allow the concentrator to run for 15-20 minutes before use, as this time is needed for the machine to reach the correct oxygen concentration. Adjust the oxygen flow rate according to your healthcare provider’s prescription by turning the flowmeter knob to the specified liters per minute (LPM). Do not alter this prescribed flow rate without consulting your doctor.
Essential Safety Practices
Operating an oxygen concentrator requires adherence to specific safety guidelines. Oxygen, while not flammable itself, significantly accelerates the intensity and spread of fire. Therefore, never smoke or allow others to smoke within 6 to 10 feet of the concentrator or while oxygen is in use. Keep the concentrator away from open flames, heat sources like stoves, heaters, or fireplaces, and electrical appliances that can generate heat or sparks. Ensure the area around the concentrator is well-ventilated to prevent oxygen accumulation.
It is also advisable to avoid using petroleum-based products, such as lotions or ointments, near the concentrator, as they can react violently with oxygen. Opt for water-based alternatives instead. Oxygen tubing can present a tripping hazard, as it is often transparent and can blend into the background. To reduce this risk, be mindful of the tubing’s placement and consider using colored tape or self-retracting tubing to enhance visibility. Ensure pathways are clear of tubing to prevent falls. Additionally, be aware that static electricity from synthetic fabrics like wool or nylon can generate sparks; cotton materials are a safer choice.
Maintaining Your Concentrator
Routine maintenance of your oxygen concentrator helps ensure its efficient and safe operation. The air intake filter, which removes dust and particles from the air, typically needs weekly cleaning. To clean it, unplug the concentrator, remove the filter, and wash it with warm water and mild soap. Rinse it thoroughly and allow it to air dry completely before reinserting it. Some internal filters may require replacement every 6-12 months, and these should not be washed.
The humidifier bottle should be cleaned regularly, ideally daily or every three days, especially when refilling. Empty any old water, wash the bottle with warm water and mild soap, then rinse it thoroughly. Weekly, disinfect the bottle by soaking it in a solution of one part white vinegar to ten parts water for about 20 minutes, then rinse it well and allow it to air dry. Always use distilled water in the humidifier bottle to prevent mineral buildup and bacterial growth.
Oxygen tubing and nasal cannulas should be inspected regularly for kinks, cracks, discoloration, or damage. While the tubing itself generally does not need to be cleaned, it should be replaced every 3 to 6 months, or sooner if signs of wear are present. Nasal cannulas should be washed weekly with mild soap and warm water, and replaced more frequently if you have been sick. The exterior of the concentrator can be wiped down weekly with a damp cloth and mild soap to remove dust and dirt. For any issues beyond routine user maintenance or if the device alarms, contact your equipment supplier or healthcare provider for professional servicing.