An eyewash station, whether plumbed or portable, is specialized emergency equipment designed to deliver a gentle stream of fluid directly to the eyes. Its function is to provide immediate decontamination following exposure to hazardous materials. Since the risk of permanent damage increases rapidly, the speed of the response is the most important factor in preserving vision. The station serves as immediate first aid, diluting and washing away contaminants before they cause severe injury.
When Immediate Flushing Is Required
Any exposure to a foreign substance, whether chemical or particulate, necessitates the immediate use of an eyewash station to minimize tissue damage. This action is urgent for corrosive chemicals, such as strong acids, bases, or solvents, where the first 10 to 15 seconds after contact are critical for preventing deep tissue injury.
Flushing is also required following exposure to fine particulate matter, including metal filings or concrete dust, which can cause corneal abrasions. Biological hazards, such as infectious agents or bodily fluids, require immediate irrigation to reduce the risk of infection. Exposure to scalding liquids or steam that causes thermal burns also demands rapid cooling and flushing.
The standard for emergency response is the “golden rule” of reaching the station and beginning the flush within 10 seconds of exposure. This timeframe corresponds to a travel distance of approximately 55 feet, requiring stations to be located on an unobstructed path near the potential hazard. Recognizing the severity of the contaminant and acting instantly, rather than assessing the injury, is the priority.
Step-by-Step Guide for Activating and Using the Eyewash
Move immediately toward the nearest eyewash station, as the path should be clear and the location highly visible. Once at the station, the unit must be activated within one second to begin the flow of flushing fluid. This is typically done by pushing a paddle, pulling a handle, or removing caps on a portable unit, which engages the water supply for hands-free operation.
The user must position their face directly over the twin spray heads, ensuring the gentle stream is directed into both eyes simultaneously. Although it is instinctive to squeeze the eyes shut due to pain, it is necessary to force the eyelids open with the fingers and hold them apart. This action allows the flushing fluid to reach the entire surface of the eye, including tissue beneath the eyelids where contaminants may be trapped.
The flushing fluid must be tepid, regulated between 60°F and 100°F (16°C and 38°C), to prevent further injury or premature cessation of flushing. The water flow should be non-injurious, featuring low pressure that will not harm the cornea. The unit’s self-sustaining valve maintains continuous flow, allowing the user to focus entirely on the irrigation process.
Ensuring a Complete Flush and Follow-Up Care
The flushing process must be sustained for a minimum of 15 minutes, which is the duration required to adequately dilute and remove most hazardous substances. Rinsing for a shorter period is insufficient, as the goal is to fully decontaminate the eye before the substance inflicts deep cellular damage. For highly penetrating corrosive materials, such as strong alkalis or hydrofluoric acid, the flushing time may extend up to 60 minutes, or until medical personnel advise otherwise.
During flushing, continuously roll the eyeballs in all directions to ensure the fluid contacts the entire surface of the eye. The eyelids must be repeatedly lifted away from the eyeball to wash out any trapped particulate matter or chemical residue. If contact lenses are worn, they should be removed during the flushing process, but only after irrigation has begun, to allow the fluid to directly reach the cornea.
Once the required flushing duration is complete, the individual must seek immediate medical attention, even if symptoms appear minor. Medical professionals need to perform a thorough examination to assess for hidden damage, such as corneal burns or abrasions. If possible, a colleague should bring the Safety Data Sheet for the contaminant to the medical facility, as this information guides post-flush treatment.