Ear syringing, also known as ear irrigation, is a common method for removing built-up earwax (cerumen) from the external ear canal. This procedure involves using a device, typically a rubber bulb or a plunger-style syringe, to gently introduce a stream of water into the ear. The syringe flushes out excess or impacted earwax that may cause symptoms like hearing loss or a feeling of fullness. The process relies on the force of the water to dislodge the softened wax, allowing it to drain out.
Preparing the Ear and the Solution
The success and comfort of ear syringing depend on proper preparation, which involves softening the wax beforehand. Use a cerumenolytic agent, such as mineral oil, olive oil, or a commercial ear drop solution, for two to three days prior to the procedure. Applying these drops once or twice daily helps loosen the impacted cerumen, making its removal easier and reducing the need for excessive force during flushing.
Before starting the irrigation, gather all necessary supplies: the syringe, a collection basin, a towel, and the flushing solution. The temperature of the water is significant, as using water that is too cold or too hot can stimulate the inner ear and trigger the caloric response. This response can lead to uncomfortable symptoms like vertigo or dizziness. The flushing solution should be warmed to a temperature near body temperature, ideally between 98.6 and 104.9 degrees Fahrenheit, to minimize this risk.
Step-by-Step Guide for Syringe Use
Once the earwax is softened, begin the flushing process by filling the syringe with lukewarm water. Squeeze the syringe while submerged to draw water in, then expel a small amount back into the basin to remove trapped air bubbles, which can cause discomfort. Sit upright, tilting your head slightly toward the shoulder of the ear that is not being cleaned, allowing excess fluid to drain into a towel or collection basin held beneath the ear.
To straighten the ear canal, gently pull the outer ear (pinna) upward and backward. Place the tip of the syringe just inside the ear opening, no more than about a quarter of an inch. The stream must be directed along the side of the ear canal wall; directing the water flow straight toward the eardrum can cause pain or injury due to concentrated pressure.
Introduce the water into the ear canal using gentle, steady pressure, avoiding forceful or rapid injection. If you experience any pain or increased discomfort, immediately stop the process. After a few syringe-fulls, tilt the head to the side of the flushed ear to allow the water and dislodged cerumen to drain out. Repeat this procedure until the wax is cleared. Finally, dry the ear canal by tilting the head to encourage drainage, or by gently drying the outer ear with a towel.
Important Safety Warnings and Contraindications
Individuals with a known or suspected perforation of the tympanic membrane (eardrum) should never use an ear syringe. This allows water to enter the middle ear space, potentially causing infection or further damage. Syringing is also contraindicated for anyone who has ear tubes, such as grommets, or a history of recent ear surgery.
The procedure should not be attempted if the ear is painful, inflamed, or showing signs of an active infection, such as discharge. Introducing water into an infected or irritated ear can worsen the condition, potentially leading to otitis externa or otitis media. Applying excessive or forceful pressure during irrigation carries the risk of damaging the delicate structures of the ear canal or eardrum. If the wax blockage does not clear after a few gentle attempts, or if symptoms like pain, dizziness, or hearing loss increase, stop and seek professional medical evaluation.