A transfer board, often called a sliding board, is a rigid device designed to bridge the gap between two surfaces, such as a wheelchair and a bed. This tool allows individuals with limited lower-body mobility to move safely and independently, or with minimal assistance, without needing to stand up. The board creates a seated, sliding movement from one point to another.
Understanding Different Transfer Boards and Pre-Transfer Setup
Transfer boards are manufactured in various shapes and materials, with common types being straight flat boards and curved or “banana” boards. Straight boards are typically used for direct, short-distance transfers between surfaces that are closely aligned and at the same height. Curved boards are better suited for transfers that require navigating around an obstruction, such as a wheelchair’s large wheel, or for transfers that involve a slight angle.
Before any movement begins, preparation is necessary to ensure stability and safety. Ensure both the starting and ending surfaces, such as a wheelchair and a bed, are positioned as close together as possible and at approximately the same height. If the surfaces are not level, it is easier to transfer to a slightly lower surface. Securely lock the brakes on all wheeled devices, and remove obstructions like armrests or footrests on the side of the transfer.
The transfer board must be positioned correctly, with one end firmly resting on the originating surface and the other on the destination surface, creating a secure bridge. The board’s edge should be angled slightly downward to avoid pinching the skin as it is guided under the user’s upper thigh or hip. A common guideline is to ensure about one-third of the board is securely under the user’s buttocks to provide a stable base for the slide.
Executing the Transfer Step-by-Step
The transfer relies on the user’s upper body strength and a specific weight-shifting technique to move across the board in small segments. The user should place their hands on the board or the destination surface, using them to bear weight and push the body forward. It is important to use a fist or flat palm to support weight, and never place fingers underneath the board, where they could be crushed as the body slides over.
Initiating the movement requires the user to shift their weight away from the direction they intend to move. For example, to move left onto a new surface, the user should lean their head and shoulders to the right, which momentarily unweights the left hip. This weight shift allows the user to perform a small, controlled “scooting” motion across the board. The transfer should be executed in a series of these small, deliberate movements rather than one large, continuous slide.
Caregiver assistance, if needed, should focus on guiding the user’s trunk and maintaining stability, often utilizing a gait belt placed securely around the user’s waist. The caregiver should encourage the user to participate as much as possible, minimizing strain on both parties. Once the user is fully seated on the destination surface, the final step is to carefully remove the transfer board by having the user momentarily lean away from it.
Maintaining Safety and Proper Caregiver Movement
Preventing skin injury is a primary concern during a transfer, as friction can cause shearing forces that lead to skin breakdown. To mitigate this risk, the user must be encouraged to slightly lift or “hop” their hips with each movement instead of dragging their body across the board’s surface. Wearing appropriate clothing or using a low-friction transfer sheet can also reduce friction.
Caregivers must adhere to strict body mechanics to protect themselves from musculoskeletal injury, a common risk during patient handling. This involves setting a wide base of support and maintaining a neutral spine throughout the process. When assisting, the caregiver should bend at the knees and hips, using their stronger leg muscles for support and stability, rather than bending over from the waist.
The caregiver must keep the user’s center of gravity close to their own body during the transfer to reduce leverage and strain on the back. The caregiver should avoid any twisting motion while applying force, instead turning their whole body by moving their feet. If the board slips or the user gets stuck mid-transfer, the caregiver should stabilize the board and assist the user in regaining their starting position, avoiding sudden, forceful movements.