Menstruation is a natural biological process where the body sheds the uterine lining, resulting in a flow of blood and tissue through the vagina. This monthly occurrence requires specialized products designed to absorb the fluid and maintain hygiene. Menstrual hygiene products, such as external pads and internal tampons, effectively manage this flow, allowing people to continue their daily activities comfortably. Choosing the right product and understanding the proper technique is important for both comfort and health management.
Understanding External Protection (Pads)
Menstrual pads, often called sanitary napkins, are an external form of protection that collects menstrual fluid after it has left the body. These products consist of an absorbent core layer, a waterproof backing, and an adhesive strip to secure them to underwear. Pads come in various sizes and absorbencies, from thin panty liners for light flow to maxi or overnight pads designed for heavier flow.
To apply a pad, unwrap it and peel off the paper backing that covers the central adhesive strip. Position the pad in the crotch area of your underwear so the absorbent material is centered over the vaginal opening. If your pad has wings, fold them securely around the underside of your underwear to prevent shifting and offer side-leak protection. Press the pad firmly into place.
Removal involves unpeeling the wings, if present, and gently detaching the pad. Roll the used pad tightly into itself, keeping the soiled side inward. Use the wrapper from the new pad or toilet paper to contain the product before disposing of it in a waste receptacle. Pads are easy to use for first-time users because they do not require internal insertion.
Understanding Internal Protection (Tampons)
Tampons are internal menstrual protection, made of compressed absorbent material inserted into the vagina to absorb fluid before it leaves the body. They are available with or without an applicator, and the correct size should correspond to the user’s flow, not their body size. Applicator tampons use a tube to guide the tampon into position.
To insert an applicator tampon, hold the outer tube at the grip. Find a comfortable position, such as sitting or standing with one foot elevated. Gently insert the rounded tip of the applicator into the vaginal opening, aiming it backward toward the lower back, as the vaginal canal is angled. Push the outer tube in until your fingers reach the body opening.
Use your index finger to push the inner tube (plunger) completely into the outer tube, releasing the tampon into the vagina. The applicator is then removed, leaving only the removal string outside. If inserted correctly, the tampon should not be felt; discomfort means it may not be deep enough and should be replaced.
Tampons are removed by gently pulling the string. The risk of Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS), a rare but serious illness, is associated with tampon use. To minimize this risk, use the lowest absorbency necessary and never leave a tampon in for longer than the maximum wear time. If you experience sudden high fever, rash, vomiting, or flu-like symptoms, remove the tampon immediately and seek medical attention.
Hygiene, Timing, and Safe Disposal
Maintaining a consistent schedule for changing menstrual products is important for hygiene and comfort. Pads should be changed every four to six hours, even if the flow is light, to prevent bacterial growth and reduce irritation or odor. If your flow is heavy, changing more frequently is necessary to prevent leaks.
Tampons must be changed more frequently than pads due to the risk of TSS, and should never be worn for more than eight hours. It is recommended to change a tampon every four to eight hours. Many users choose to use an external pad overnight instead of a tampon, as it is difficult to change tampons within the recommended time frame while sleeping.
Proper disposal is an important step in menstrual hygiene management. Used pads and tampons should always be wrapped securely in their wrapper, a small plastic bag, or toilet paper before being placed in a trash receptacle. Never flush used menstrual products down the toilet, as they are designed to absorb fluid and can cause plumbing blockages. Always wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water before and after handling any menstrual product.