The application of a sensory brush paired with joint compression is a two-part technique used to provide deep pressure tactile and proprioceptive input. This combination is often employed to help individuals, particularly those with sensory processing differences, regulate their nervous system. The protocol helps the body process and organize sensory information, which can lead to improved attention, self-control, and reduced over-sensitivity to touch. This approach should be implemented regularly to support the individual’s ability to function and interact more comfortably with their environment.
Understanding the Sensory Brush Tool
The specialized sensory brush is not a typical hairbrush, but a tool designed to deliver deep-pressure tactile input to the skin. It commonly features soft, dense plastic bristles arranged in a C-shape or oval, which provides firm, consistent pressure without scratching or tickling the skin. The bristles are engineered to bend slightly during use, ensuring the application feels like a firm massage rather than a light, irritating touch.
This deep pressure stimulates the nerve endings in the skin, sending signals to the brain that help calm the nervous system. The technique is often recommended by Occupational Therapists (OTs) to address issues like tactile defensiveness or sensory seeking behaviors. By providing organized, predictable input, the tool helps regulate arousal levels, making the individual feel more grounded and relaxed.
Executing the Brushing Technique
The brushing technique requires firm, continuous pressure to effectively stimulate deep pressure receptors. The brush should be held horizontally and pressed firmly enough so the bristles bend slightly, ensuring the input is deep rather than light, which could be disorganizing. Once the brush touches the skin, it should not be lifted until the stroke is complete to maintain a continuous, soothing sensation.
The motion involves long, continuous strokes, typically moving downward along the limbs and back. For instance, a stroke might begin at the shoulder and move down the arm to the wrist, or from the upper back down to the lower back. Cover as much of the surface area as possible in a rhythmic, linear fashion, avoiding scrubbing back and forth over the same spot repeatedly.
The areas to be brushed include the arms, legs, and back, often focusing on the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet. Certain areas of the body are highly sensitive and must be avoided to prevent adverse reactions. The entire brushing sequence is typically quick, lasting only about two to three minutes in total.
Areas to Avoid
- Face
- Chest
- Stomach
- Neck
- Inner thighs
Integrating Input Through Joint Compression
Following the tactile input from the sensory brush, joint compression is the second, equally important step in the protocol. This immediate follow-up provides proprioceptive input, which relates to the body’s sense of position, movement, and force. This input helps the body organize the intense tactile information received from the brushing.
Joint compression involves applying rhythmic, steady pressure to the major joints, stimulating the receptors within the muscles and joints. This is done by gently pushing the joint surfaces together, such as pushing the hand toward the elbow or the foot toward the knee. The pressure should be firm but never painful or forceful, with about ten quick presses applied to each joint.
Joints Addressed
- Shoulders
- Elbows
- Wrists
- Hips
- Knees
- Ankles
Compression can be done manually by a caregiver or through self-administered activities, such as wall push-ups, jumping, or “bear walks.” This deep pressure and proprioceptive input work together to regulate the nervous system, improving body awareness and overall self-regulation.
Safety Guidelines and Usage Frequency
Consult with an Occupational Therapist trained in sensory integration techniques before beginning this protocol. An OT can determine if this technique is appropriate and provide individualized training, ensuring the procedure is both safe and effective. The process should be stopped immediately if the individual shows any signs of distress or discomfort.
Always avoid brushing over open wounds or rashes. If performing joint compressions manually, stabilize the joint above the one being compressed. Modify the pressure if the individual has joint hypermobility or pain. The pressure must be firm but gentle, never causing pain.
For the technique to be effective, consistency is necessary. The combined brushing and joint compression routine is typically performed multiple times throughout the day, often every one and a half to two hours while the individual is awake. The effects of a single application last for about two hours, and the protocol is implemented for several weeks before reassessment by a therapist.