A menstrual pad is a soft, multi-layered material worn inside the underwear to absorb menstrual fluid. This external method of hygiene management is a common choice for people experiencing menstruation. Learning how to select the right product, apply it correctly, and dispose of it safely ensures comfort and proper hygiene during your cycle.
Understanding Pad Types and Absorbency
Pads are constructed with a multi-layered design engineered for maximum absorption and comfort. The core contains materials like super-absorbent polymers (SAPs) and cellulose fibers, which absorb liquid and convert it into a gel-like substance to lock the fluid away. A non-woven, porous top sheet rests against the skin, allowing fluid to pass quickly into the core while feeling dry.
The level of protection is categorized by absorbency, corresponding to the volume of fluid the pad can manage. Light absorbency pads, often called panty liners, are suitable for very light flow or spotting. Regular pads handle an average flow, while heavy or overnight pads feature a thicker, longer core to provide coverage during heavier flow days or when sleeping.
Many pads include adhesive strips on the back sheet, a waterproof layer that prevents liquid from soaking through to clothing. Some varieties also feature “wings,” which are flexible flaps with adhesive that fold over the edges of the underwear. Wings secure the pad more firmly to the garment, preventing shifting and offering extra side protection against leaks.
Step-by-Step Guide to Pad Application
Before handling the pad, wash your hands thoroughly to maintain hygiene and prevent the transfer of microbes. Remove the pad from its outer wrapper, which can be saved for later disposal of the used pad. Locate the adhesive backing on the underside and gently peel away the paper strip covering the sticky surface.
Position the pad adhesive-side down into the gusset, the center crotch area of your underwear. Center the pad so the absorbent material aligns directly beneath the vaginal opening, ensuring maximum coverage where the flow is heaviest. Press the pad firmly onto the fabric, smoothing it down to ensure the adhesive grips the underwear securely.
If using a pad with wings, remove the smaller paper strips covering the wing adhesive. Fold each wing around the outside of the underwear fabric and press it against the underside of the gusset. This action anchors the pad in place, reducing the likelihood of bunching or slipping during movement. After securing the pad, stand up and move briefly to confirm it is comfortable and positioned correctly before pulling up your clothing.
Safe Removal, Changing, and Disposal
Pads should be changed regularly to maintain skin health and hygiene, regardless of flow heaviness. The standard recommendation is to replace your pad every three to four hours, or every two hours on very heavy flow days. Leaving a pad on for too long creates a warm, moist environment where bacteria can multiply, leading to odor, skin irritation, or chafing.
To remove the used pad, peel it gently away from your underwear, starting from one end. Roll the pad tightly with the soiled side inward so the adhesive side is facing out, keeping the absorbed fluid contained. This compact rolling minimizes contact with the menstrual fluid and prepares the pad for disposal.
The used pad must be wrapped completely to contain any odor and keep the waste sanitary. Use the wrapper from the new pad, toilet paper, or a tissue to fully enclose the rolled pad. Place the wrapped pad into a trash receptacle, ideally one with a lid, and wash your hands immediately afterward. Never attempt to flush a pad down the toilet, as the core materials are designed to absorb water and will expand, causing severe clogs in the plumbing system.