Nosebleeds, medically known as epistaxis, are a very common occurrence. They typically arise from the highly vascular network of blood vessels located just inside the front of the nose, an area called Kiesselbach’s plexus. These small vessels are fragile and can rupture due to dry air, trauma, or irritation. Fortunately, most nosebleeds are easily managed at home by applying direct, continuous pressure to the source of the bleeding. This guide provides instructions for effective self-management using this pressure technique.
Immediate Preparation and Positioning
The first action upon experiencing a nosebleed is to remain calm, as anxiety can increase blood pressure and worsen the flow. Immediately sit upright in a stable position; this helps to lower the blood pressure in the nasal veins. Position your head by leaning slightly forward, ensuring the blood flows out through the nostrils rather than down the back of your throat. Swallowing blood can irritate the stomach lining, potentially leading to nausea and vomiting. Before applying pressure, retrieve a commercial nose clip, if available, or a clean cloth.
Applying Pressure to Stop the Bleeding
The goal of this technique is to compress the damaged blood vessels, allowing a clot to form and stop the flow of blood. Whether using fingers or a dedicated nose clip, apply firm, steady pressure to the soft, lower part of the nose, just below the hard, bony bridge. The pressure should squeeze the nostrils completely shut against the central nasal septum. A nose clip functions by mimicking the precise, sustained pressure of pinching this area with a thumb and index finger. Maintain the pinch continuously for 10 to 15 minutes, breathing only through your mouth. Do not release the pressure to check the bleeding, as this can disrupt the clotting process and restart the flow.
Essential Post-Bleeding Care
Once the 10 to 15 minutes of continuous pressure have passed, gently release the pinch and check if the bleeding has stopped. If successful, it is important to treat the nasal tissues gently for the next 24 hours to prevent the newly formed clot from being dislodged. Avoid activities that increase blood pressure in the head, such as strenuous exercise, heavy lifting, or bending down. Do not blow your nose, pick at the nostrils, or forcefully rub the area for at least 12 to 24 hours. To help the nasal lining heal and reduce the risk of a recurrence, gently apply a small amount of petroleum jelly just inside the nostrils with a cotton swab twice a day.
Knowing When to Seek Medical Attention
Most nosebleeds are minor, but certain symptoms require immediate professional evaluation to rule out a more serious issue. You should seek urgent medical care if the bleeding does not stop after two full 10-minute cycles of continuous, firm pressure. A nosebleed that follows a head injury or a significant blow to the face also requires attention, as it may signal a fracture. Other concerning signs include excessive blood loss, feeling dizzy, lightheaded, or experiencing a rapid heart rate, which can be indicators of significant volume loss. Individuals taking blood-thinning medication who cannot stop a nosebleed should also consult a medical professional promptly.