A nebulizer is a medical device that transforms liquid medication into a fine aerosol mist, making it easier to inhale directly into the lungs. This method of drug delivery is particularly helpful for individuals who have difficulty using traditional handheld inhalers, such as young children or those experiencing severe respiratory distress. Albuterol is the liquid medicine commonly used, a bronchodilator. Albuterol works by stimulating specific receptors in the airways, causing the muscles around the bronchial tubes to relax. This widening of the airways helps relieve symptoms associated with conditions like asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), such as wheezing and shortness of breath.
Preparing the Equipment and Medication
Wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water, drying them completely with a clean towel or paper towel, to prevent the introduction of germs to the device or medication. Gather all necessary components, which typically include the air compressor, the tubing, the medication cup (nebulizer chamber), and either a mouthpiece or a mask.
Inspect the compressor and tubing for any signs of damage or blockage, and ensure the air filter is clean and properly seated, if applicable. The compressor should be placed on a sturdy, flat surface away from the floor, as placing it on the floor risks drawing in dust and allergens. Load the prescribed dose of liquid Albuterol into the medication cup.
Albuterol often comes in pre-measured unit-dose vials, which simplifies the process. If concentrated liquid is used, ensure the correct volume is added, often along with sterile saline to bring the total volume to 3 to 4 milliliters, which helps create an optimal mist. After the medication is loaded, the cup should be sealed tightly with its cap and then connected securely to the air compressor via the tubing.
Step-by-Step Treatment Administration
Sitting upright in a comfortable chair is generally recommended, as slouching can compress the lungs and reduce their capacity, hindering the deep delivery of the medication. Position the mouthpiece or mask: if using a mouthpiece, seal your lips firmly around it, and if using a mask, ensure it fits snugly over the nose and mouth.
The compressor can be turned on, which should immediately produce a visible mist from the mouthpiece or mask. Breathe normally for a few breaths, then take a slow, deep breath, holding it for two to three seconds before exhaling. This brief pause allows the fine medication particles to settle deep within the lungs, maximizing absorption.
The duration of the treatment typically ranges from 5 to 15 minutes, continuing until all the liquid medication has been converted into mist. The nebulizer will usually begin to sputter or make a distinct sound when the medication cup is nearly empty, signaling the end of the session. If medication clings to the sides of the cup, gently tapping it can help the remaining liquid fall to the bottom to be aerosolized. If you experience dizziness or lightheadedness during the treatment, slow your breathing rate or take a brief rest before continuing.
Post-Treatment Cleaning and Storage
The equipment must be disassembled and cleaned after treatment. Turn off the compressor and disconnect the tubing, separating the medication cup, mouthpiece, and mask. Rinse these components immediately under warm running water to clear away any residual Albuterol solution.
For daily cleaning, wash these parts thoroughly using mild, unscented dish soap and warm water, paying close attention to the small holes and grooves to remove any buildup. Disinfection is also required on a regular basis, often weekly, using a method such as boiling the parts for five minutes or soaking them in a solution like one part white vinegar to three parts water for about 30 minutes.
Following cleaning or disinfection, the parts must be thoroughly rinsed, preferably with sterile water, to remove disinfectant residue. Allow all parts to air dry completely on a clean, lint-free surface, such as a paper towel. Once fully dry, the nebulizer parts should be stored in a clean, dry location, often in a sealed plastic bag, until the next use.