A mouthguard is a protective dental appliance worn over the teeth to shield the soft tissues of the mouth, lips, and tongue from physical trauma. Its primary function is to absorb and distribute the force of impact, significantly reducing the risk of broken or chipped teeth, jaw fractures, and concussions during physical activity. For individuals who grind their teeth at night (bruxism), a mouthguard protects tooth surfaces from excessive wear and minimizes strain on the jaw joints. Proper usage, from selecting the correct type to maintaining hygiene, is necessary to ensure the device provides its intended level of protection.
Choosing the Right Mouthguard Type
The level of protection and comfort a mouthguard offers depends on its type and fit. Stock mouthguards are pre-formed and ready to wear immediately, representing the least expensive option. However, they provide minimal protection because they are not customized, often fitting loosely and requiring the wearer to clench their jaw to keep them in place.
Boil-and-bite mouthguards, typically found at sporting goods stores, offer a middle ground in cost and protection. Made from a thermoplastic material, these guards are softened in hot water and then molded by the user’s teeth for a personalized fit. While more secure than stock guards, the molding process can sometimes result in a guard that is too thin in areas, compromising protective thickness.
Custom-fitted mouthguards are created by a dentist from a precise impression of the user’s teeth, offering the highest level of protection, retention, and comfort. This fabrication ensures the guard fits snugly without being bulky, allowing for easy breathing and speaking. Although they are the most expensive, custom guards provide superior shock absorption and are recommended for high-impact sports or severe bruxism.
Customizing the Fit
Achieving a precise fit is necessary for any mouthguard that requires user preparation, especially the boil-and-bite variety. The customization process begins by heating water to a near-boiling temperature, then immersing the mouthguard for the recommended duration. The guard must be carefully removed with tongs and allowed to cool briefly to a comfortable temperature before insertion.
Once the guard is placed over the upper teeth, the user should bite down gently to create an initial impression. Simultaneously, press the guard firmly against the outside of the teeth and gums using your fingers. Placing the tongue against the roof of the mouth and sucking inward creates a vacuum, which pulls the thermoplastic material tightly around the teeth for a secure mold.
After molding, the guard must be quickly set by placing it into cold water for at least a minute to solidify the shape. A properly fitted mouthguard should stay securely on the upper teeth without the need to bite down or clench the jaw. If the fit is loose or uncomfortable, the guard can usually be reheated and remolded following the same procedure.
Daily Insertion and Wear Guidelines
Correct insertion is the first step in using a fitted mouthguard. The guard should be seated over the upper teeth using finger pressure, pushing it gently up and back against the molars until it snaps into its molded position. Users should avoid biting the guard into place, as this can cause uneven pressure and distort the fit over time.
Before engaging in any activity, a stability check is necessary: relax the jaw and attempt to dislodge the guard with the tongue. A well-fitted guard should remain firmly in place, not shifting or falling when the mouth is open. This secure fit allows the device to effectively cushion impact and prevent injury.
During sports, the mouthguard should be worn continuously, even during breaks in play, to ensure constant protection. For bruxism, it must be worn throughout sleep. While speaking or drinking water, a slight adjustment period is normal; practicing conversation or reading aloud with the guard in place can help the tongue and jaw muscles adapt.
Cleaning and Storage
Maintaining a mouthguard’s hygiene is as important as its proper fit to prevent the buildup of bacteria and plaque. Immediately after each use, rinse the guard thoroughly with cool or lukewarm water to wash away saliva and loose debris.
Cleaning Guidelines
Daily cleaning involves using a soft-bristled toothbrush and a mild, non-abrasive soap or specialized mouthguard cleaner to gently scrub all surfaces. It is important to avoid using hot water, as high temperatures can permanently warp the thermoplastic material and ruin the custom fit. Abrasive toothpastes should also be avoided because they can scratch the surface, creating microscopic grooves where bacteria can accumulate and multiply. After cleaning, the mouthguard must be allowed to air-dry completely on a clean surface before being stored.
Storage and Inspection
For storage, a rigid container with ventilation holes is the best option. This protects the guard from physical damage while allowing moisture to escape, preventing the growth of mold and odors. The mouthguard should never be stored in direct sunlight or left in a hot environment, such as a car, which can cause the material to soften and lose its shape. Users should regularly inspect the guard for signs of wear, such as tears, holes, or a noticeable loss of fit, and replace it promptly to ensure continued protection.