Dry powder inhalers (DPIs) are devices that deliver medication to the lungs in a dry, powdered form. These inhalers are commonly used to manage respiratory conditions such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Unlike metered-dose inhalers (MDIs) that spray medication, DPIs are breath-activated, meaning the medication is released when a user takes a quick, deep breath through the device. Proper technique in using a DPI is important for the medication to reach the lungs effectively and provide its intended therapeutic benefits.
Getting Ready to Use Your Inhaler
Check the dose counter, if your device has one, to see how many doses remain. Many multi-dose DPIs have a counter that decreases with each use, while some may show a change only after several doses. If your inhaler uses individual capsules, load a new capsule into the device for each dose, following your specific inhaler model’s instructions.
Once the dose is ready, open the inhaler or remove its cap. Avoid opening the device until you are ready to inhale, as exposure to moisture can cause the powder to clump and clog the inhaler. Hold the inhaler in a level position to prevent the powder from spilling out before inhalation.
Taking Your Dose
Before bringing the inhaler to your mouth, turn your head away from the device and exhale slowly and completely to empty your lungs. Do not exhale into the inhaler, as moisture from your breath can cause the dry powder to clump. After exhaling, place the mouthpiece firmly into your mouth, sealing your lips tightly around it to create a secure seal.
Next, take a quick, deep, and forceful breath through your mouth. This strong inhalation is necessary to pull the dry powder medication from the device and ensure it reaches deep into your lungs. After inhaling, remove the inhaler from your mouth and hold your breath for about 5 to 10 seconds, or for as long as you comfortably can. This breath-holding period allows the medication particles to settle in your lungs. Finally, exhale slowly.
After Using Your Inhaler
After taking your dose, close the inhaler or replace its cap to protect the remaining medication from moisture and contamination. If your device has a dose counter, check it again to confirm a dose was registered and the number decreased. For inhalers that use capsules, check the capsule to ensure all the powder has been inhaled.
Rinse your mouth thoroughly with water immediately after use, particularly if your inhaler contains a corticosteroid. Swish the water around your mouth and then spit it out, making sure not to swallow it. This practice helps remove any residual medication from your mouth and throat, preventing potential side effects like oral thrush or hoarseness. Store your dry powder inhaler in a cool, dry place, away from moisture, such as a bathroom.
Common Issues and Important Tips
It is common to not taste or feel the medication when using a dry powder inhaler, as the particles are very fine. This does not mean the medication was not delivered effectively. If you cough immediately after inhaling, it could be due to irritation from the dry powder or the force of inhalation. If coughing persists or becomes problematic, discuss it with your healthcare provider.
The dose counter helps you know when it is time for a refill. Always consult your device’s instructions for cleaning; DPIs should be wiped with a dry cloth and never cleaned with water, as moisture can damage the powder. Dry powder inhalers should not be used with a spacer device, as they are breath-activated and do not require one. If your symptoms do not improve or worsen despite correct inhaler use, contact your healthcare provider for further guidance.