A diaphragm is a flexible, dome-shaped cup used as a barrier method of birth control. It is placed inside the vagina, covering the cervix, the opening to the uterus. When used correctly with spermicide, it forms a physical barrier that prevents sperm from reaching an egg, thus preventing pregnancy. The spermicide immobilizes or kills sperm.
Before You Begin
Before using a diaphragm, obtain a prescription from a healthcare provider. A healthcare professional will determine the appropriate size and fit, as diaphragms come in various sizes. This fitting ensures the diaphragm covers the cervix effectively and remains securely in place. Some “one-size-fits-most” diaphragms may not require a specific fitting, but consultation is still recommended for proper instruction.
Before each use, wash your hands thoroughly. Apply about one teaspoon of spermicide into the dome and spread some around the rim.
Inserting the Diaphragm
Inserting the diaphragm correctly is important for its effectiveness. Begin by finding a comfortable position, such as squatting, lying down, or standing with one leg elevated. With clean hands, fold the diaphragm in half by pinching the rim together, ensuring the dome faces downwards. This folding technique makes the diaphragm narrow, allowing for easier insertion.
Gently slide the folded diaphragm into your vagina, aiming it towards your tailbone and pushing it as far back as it can go. Once inside, use your finger to tuck the front rim up behind your pubic bone. After insertion, check placement by feeling for your cervix through the dome; it should feel firm, similar to the tip of your nose, and be fully covered. If uncomfortable or the cervix is not covered, remove it, reapply spermicide, and try again.
After Use and Removal
After sexual activity, the diaphragm must remain in place for at least six hours following the last act of intercourse to allow the spermicide to work effectively. Removing it sooner could reduce its effectiveness in preventing pregnancy. Do not leave the diaphragm in for longer than 24 to 30 hours. Exceeding this maximum wear time can increase the risk of irritation or, rarely, toxic shock syndrome.
If you have intercourse more than once while the diaphragm is in place, insert additional spermicide into the vagina without removing it. To remove the diaphragm, insert your index finger, hook it under the rim, and gently pull downwards and out.
Diaphragm Care and Lifespan
Proper care ensures your diaphragm’s longevity and effectiveness. After each removal, wash it with mild, unscented soap and warm water. Rinse thoroughly to remove all soap residue and allow it to air dry completely before storing. Avoid harsh cleaning agents, disinfectants, or oil-based products, as these can damage the silicone.
Store the cleaned and dried diaphragm in its provided case, in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight. Regularly inspect for holes, tears, or signs of wear by holding it to a light or filling it with water to check for leaks.
A diaphragm typically lasts one to two years with proper care, but replace it sooner if damaged. A new fitting may be necessary if there are significant weight changes (e.g., 10-15 pounds), or after childbirth, miscarriage, or pelvic surgery, as these can alter vaginal shape and affect the fit.