A plugged ear is a common sensation characterized by fullness, muffled hearing, or pressure. This feeling occurs when the pressure in the middle ear is unequal to the external air pressure or when the ear canal is obstructed. Most cases are temporary and resolve on their own, often stemming from altitude changes, common colds, or minor fluid accumulation. Understanding the causes of this blockage allows for the correct application of home remedies to restore normal ear function.
Immediate Self-Relief Techniques
Simple physical actions can often equalize pressure within the middle ear, a space connected to the back of the throat by the narrow Eustachian tube. Movements that engage the muscles around this tube can force it open, relieving the feeling of fullness caused by pressure imbalances. Chewing gum, swallowing repeatedly, or yawning widely naturally activate these muscles.
A controlled breathing exercise known as the Valsalva maneuver can also open the Eustachian tube. To perform this, take a deep breath, close the mouth, and pinch the nostrils shut, then gently attempt to exhale air through the blocked nose. A soft popping sound indicates that the tube has opened and the pressure has equalized. Exhale very gently to avoid forcing air too strongly, which could cause discomfort or damage to the eardrum.
Inhaling warm, moist air provides relief, particularly if the blockage is related to congestion from a cold or allergies. The steam helps to thin mucus in the nasal passages and the Eustachian tubes, promoting drainage and reducing swelling. Sitting in a steamy bathroom after running a hot shower for 10 to 15 minutes is a simple way to use this technique.
Targeted Home Treatments for Blockages
When the plugged sensation is caused by a physical obstruction like trapped water or hardened earwax, targeted treatments are necessary. For water trapped in the ear canal, using gravity is the simplest method; tilt the head with the affected ear facing the ground and gently pull the earlobe in different directions to straighten the canal. Applying heat, such as using a hairdryer on the lowest, cool setting held at least a foot away, can encourage evaporation.
Drying drops can be made at home by mixing equal parts of white vinegar and rubbing alcohol. The alcohol helps to evaporate the trapped water, while the vinegar’s acidity can inhibit bacterial growth, reducing the risk of swimmer’s ear. These drops should be administered with a dropper while the head is tilted, allowing the solution to sit for a moment before draining it out.
To address blockages caused by earwax buildup, the wax must first be softened before it can exit the ear naturally. A few drops of mineral oil, baby oil, or 3% hydrogen peroxide can be placed into the ear canal using an eyedropper. The head should remain tilted for several minutes to allow the solution to fully penetrate the wax. This process may need to be repeated daily for several days to achieve full softening. Never use cotton swabs, hairpins, or any other sharp objects to try and dig out earwax, as this often pushes the wax deeper, potentially causing impaction or damaging the delicate ear canal lining or eardrum.
When to Consult a Healthcare Professional
While most plugged ears clear up with home care, certain symptoms indicate a need for professional medical attention. If the feeling of fullness or muffled hearing persists for more than two or three days despite home remedies, a healthcare provider should be consulted. This is important because an ongoing blockage might signal an underlying issue that requires a specific diagnosis.
The presence of other symptoms alongside the blockage is a clear sign to seek care immediately. These symptoms include severe ear pain, fever, dizziness or vertigo, and any discharge from the ear. Sudden or noticeable hearing loss, even if temporary, also warrants a prompt medical evaluation.
Certain home treatments, particularly those involving drops, must be avoided entirely if there is a known or suspected perforation (hole) in the eardrum or if ear tubes are present. Introducing liquids into the middle ear in these cases can lead to serious infection or further complications. A medical professional can determine the cause of the blockage and, if necessary, use specialized tools, such as irrigation or micro-suction, to remove impacted earwax or fluid.