Welding involves intense heat and bright light, creating a risk of both thermal burns from hot metal or sparks and ultraviolet (UV) radiation injuries. Understanding the proper immediate response to these injuries is necessary for minimizing long-term damage. This guide provides actionable steps for managing minor injuries that occur on the job, while also outlining clear criteria for when professional medical attention is required.
Immediate First Aid for Thermal Burns
When a thermal burn occurs from contact with hot slag, sparks, or heated equipment, stop the burning process immediately. Gently remove any clothing, jewelry, or constricting items from the affected area, unless the material is stuck to the skin. These items can retain heat and cause the burn to deepen as swelling begins.
The fastest way to reduce tissue damage and pain is by cooling the burn under clean, cool running water for at least 10 to 20 minutes. This process draws heat out of the skin layers. Avoid using ice or ice water, as extreme cold can cause further tissue injury.
After cooling, assess the burn’s severity to determine the next steps in care. Minor first-degree burns affect only the outer layer of skin (epidermis), presenting with redness and slight swelling, similar to a sunburn. These can be treated by applying a soothing lotion, such as aloe vera gel, to prevent drying and aid comfort.
Second-degree burns are deeper, penetrating the dermis, and are characterized by blistering and more intense pain. If blisters form, they should not be broken, as the intact skin acts as a sterile barrier against infection. Cover the second-degree burn loosely with a sterile, non-stick dressing to protect the area from friction and contamination. Over-the-counter analgesics, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen, can be taken to manage the pain.
Managing Eye Injuries from Arc Flash
Arc flash, commonly known as “welder’s flash” or “arc eye,” is photokeratitis—a painful sunburn on the cornea and conjunctiva. This injury results from unprotected exposure to the intense UV radiation emitted by a welding arc. Symptoms often have a delayed onset, appearing six to twelve hours after exposure.
Common symptoms include a gritty feeling, significant light sensitivity (photophobia), tearing, and sometimes blurred vision. If a flash burn is suspected, avoid rubbing the eyes, which can damage the corneal surface. Contact lenses should be removed immediately.
A cool compress gently applied over the closed eyelids can provide relief. Frequent application of preservative-free artificial tears or lubricating eye drops helps hydrate the ocular surface and promote healing. Resting the eyes in a dark environment and minimizing eye strain are recommended while the cornea repairs itself.
Mild cases often resolve within 24 to 48 hours, but oral pain relievers can manage discomfort. If the pain is intense or symptoms persist, a medical professional can prescribe medicated eye drops, such as a topical antibiotic, to prevent secondary infections. Prompt medical evaluation is important to ensure proper diagnosis and rule out foreign bodies.
Recognizing Severe Burns and When to Seek Medical Help
Home treatment is appropriate only for minor, first-degree burns or small second-degree burns. Immediate medical attention is required for several clear indicators. Any burn larger than the palm of the injured person’s hand, or those located on the face, hands, feet, or groin, should be seen by a doctor. Burns that cross major joints are also considered serious.
Third-degree burns damage all layers of the skin and appear dry, leathery, or charred, possibly displaying patches of white, brown, or black tissue. These injuries require immediate emergency medical transport. Do not apply ointments or home remedies. Never attempt to remove clothing adhered to a severe burn, as this risks pulling off damaged tissue.
Medical evaluation is necessary if a minor burn shows signs of infection during healing, such as increasing redness, swelling, oozing pus, or developing a fever. For eye injuries, if intense pain from arc flash persists for more than 24 hours, or if there is any lasting change in vision, seek urgent care. Persistent or worsening symptoms suggest a complication requiring prescription treatment and professional monitoring.