Blisters are fluid-filled sacs that form on the skin, a common occurrence for runners. They develop as a protective response to skin damage. The main culprits behind running blisters are friction, heat, and moisture, often stemming from the repetitive rubbing of skin against socks or shoes. This separation creates a fluid-filled space that cushions underlying tissue and promotes healing.
Treating Unbroken Blisters
When a blister remains intact, the best approach is to leave it undisturbed, as the skin acts as a natural barrier against bacteria and infection. Small, non-painful blisters heal on their own within a week or two, with the body reabsorbing the fluid. However, if an intact blister is large, painful, or located in an area of high friction, draining it can provide relief.
To safely drain an intact blister, begin by thoroughly washing your hands and the blistered area with soap and water. Next, sterilize a small, sharp needle using rubbing alcohol or by heating it until red hot and allowing it to cool. Carefully pierce the edge of the blister in a few spots to allow the fluid to drain, making sure to leave the overlying skin intact. After draining, gently blot the area dry with a clean cotton ball or gauze. Apply a protective covering like a hydrocolloid bandage or moleskin to reduce further friction and pressure.
Caring for Ruptured Blisters
When a blister has already broken, immediate and proper care is necessary to prevent infection. Start by gently cleaning the area with mild soap and water or an antiseptic solution. This step helps to remove any dirt or bacteria that may have entered the open wound. It is important to avoid removing any loose, dead skin, as the remaining skin still provides protection for the healing tissue underneath.
Once the area is clean, apply an antibiotic ointment or petroleum jelly to the blister site. This helps to keep the wound moist, which supports the healing process, and offers protection against bacteria. Cover the blister with a sterile, non-stick dressing, such as sterile gauze, a non-stick pad, or a specialized hydrocolloid dressing, which creates a moist healing environment and adheres well to the skin. Secure the dressing with medical tape or a bandage, ensuring it is firmly in place but not too tight, to protect the area from further irritation and contamination. Change the dressing at least once daily, or more often if it becomes wet or dirty.
Recognizing Infection and Seeking Professional Help
Monitoring a blister for signs of infection is a necessary part of the healing process. Symptoms that indicate a potential infection include increasing redness around the blister, swelling that extends beyond the initial area, warmth to the touch, and escalating pain. The presence of pus or a foul odor emanating from the blister are also indicators of infection. Red streaks spreading away from the blister site, or the development of a fever, can signal a more widespread infection.
While most blisters can be managed at home, certain situations warrant professional medical attention. Consult a healthcare provider if the blister shows any signs of infection, does not improve within a few days, or appears to be worsening. Individuals with pre-existing conditions such as diabetes, compromised immune systems, or poor circulation should seek medical advice promptly for any blister, as they may have a higher risk of complications and slower healing. Very large or deep blisters, or those caused by severe burns, also require professional evaluation.