Mastitis is an inflammation of the breast tissue that most commonly affects individuals who are breastfeeding, though it can occur at other times. The condition often causes a painful, swollen area on the breast, frequently accompanied by flu-like symptoms. While home-based strategies can offer significant relief and support, they are considered supportive care. Mastitis can quickly progress to a bacterial infection requiring professional diagnosis and antibiotic treatment, so supportive care should not replace timely medical intervention if an infection is suspected.
Understanding Mastitis
Mastitis is inflammation of the breast, which can be non-infectious or progress to an infectious state involving bacteria. The non-infectious form typically begins with milk stasis, where milk is not effectively removed, often due to a blocked duct. Stagnant milk triggers an inflammatory response in the surrounding breast tissue, leading to localized pain, warmth, and swelling.
If inflammation is not resolved, the trapped milk provides an ideal environment for bacteria, which can enter through a small break in the nipple skin, leading to infectious mastitis. Symptoms include a tender, hard lump or wedge-shaped area of redness on the breast, a burning sensation, and general malaise. A fever of 101°F (38.3°C) or higher, along with chills and body aches, often indicates a bacterial infection.
Immediate Physical Relief and Drainage Techniques
The primary goal of home care is to reduce inflammation and ensure the effective removal of milk from the affected breast. Continuing to breastfeed or pump frequently is highly recommended, as emptying the breast is essential for healing and resolving the blockage. It is safe for the baby to consume milk from the affected breast, as the milk contains protective antibodies.
Applying cold compresses or ice packs to the inflamed area for 10 to 20 minutes every few hours can help to reduce swelling and pain. Conversely, applying gentle warmth, such as a warm compress or taking a warm shower, immediately before feeding or pumping can help trigger the let-down reflex and encourage milk flow. However, excessive heat should be avoided as it can increase inflammation.
Gentle massage techniques can support lymphatic drainage and help relieve milk stasis without causing further tissue damage. Instead of aggressive deep-tissue massage, a light “sweeping” motion should be used to move fluid from the area of inflammation toward the lymph nodes in the armpit and above the collarbone. Pain relief medications like ibuprofen can be taken to reduce inflammation and discomfort, as directed by a healthcare provider.
When feeding, try different positions to help drain all areas of the breast evenly. A position where the baby’s chin or nose is pointed toward the affected area may help focus drainage on that specific duct. Rest and adequate hydration are also important for recovery, as fatigue can worsen symptoms and hinder the body’s ability to heal.
Dietary and Supplemental Support
Certain nutritional strategies can offer internal support to help manage inflammation and promote a healthy breast microbiome. Probiotics containing specific strains, such as Lactobacillus fermentum or Lactobacillus salivarius, have been studied for their potential to help rebalance the bacterial environment of the breast. These targeted probiotics may help support the body’s natural defenses against pathogens.
Lecithin, often derived from sunflower or soy, is a phospholipid supplement recommended for individuals with recurrent plugged ducts. It is thought to work by helping to reduce the viscosity or “stickiness” of the milk fat, which may prevent blockages from forming. A common suggested dosage for management is around 2400 mg three times per day, but it is important to discuss supplementation with a healthcare professional.
Supporting a general anti-inflammatory state through diet is also beneficial for overall recovery. This involves increasing the intake of whole foods, fruits, and vegetables rich in antioxidants and reducing processed foods. Maintaining high fluid intake is necessary, particularly if a fever is present, to support milk production and general well-being.
Recognizing When Professional Medical Care is Necessary
While home remedies are helpful for early, non-infectious mastitis, prompt medical attention is necessary if symptoms suggest a bacterial infection or are not improving. Seek care if symptoms, such as pain, swelling, and redness, do not begin to improve within 12 to 24 hours of initiating home care. It is also important to see a doctor if you develop a fever of 101°F or higher, experience chills, or have general flu-like body aches.
The presence of pus or blood in the milk, red streaking on the breast, or an intensely painful, firm mass that does not soften after feeding require immediate medical evaluation. Ignoring an infection increases the risk of developing a breast abscess, which is a localized collection of pus that often requires surgical drainage. If a bacterial infection is diagnosed, a course of antibiotics safe for breastfeeding will be prescribed and must be completed entirely, even if symptoms resolve quickly.