An infection beneath a dental bridge occurs when bacteria affect the tissues surrounding or supporting this dental restoration. Though bridges restore oral function and aesthetics, they are susceptible to infection if not properly maintained. Addressing such an infection promptly prevents discomfort, pain, and serious oral health complications.
Identifying the Infection
Several indicators suggest an infection under a dental bridge. These include persistent or throbbing pain around the bridge, gums, or supporting teeth, especially during chewing or biting. Swelling and redness of the gums near the bridge are common, along with increased sensitivity to hot or cold temperatures. Other symptoms include pus or foul-smelling discharge, persistent bad breath that does not improve with hygiene, or a noticeable loosening of the bridge. In some instances, a fever might develop if the infection is severe and begins to spread.
These infections often arise from poor oral hygiene, allowing plaque and bacteria to accumulate around the bridge and its supporting teeth. Pre-existing gum disease, or periodontal disease, can also extend to the area around the bridge, leading to infection. Additionally, an improperly fitting bridge can create gaps where food and bacteria can become trapped, increasing the risk. Decay occurring in the natural teeth underneath the bridge, known as abutment teeth, also contributes significantly to infection.
Professional Diagnosis
When a dental bridge infection is suspected, a dental professional conducts a thorough examination. The dentist assesses the patient’s oral health, inquiring about symptoms such as pain, swelling, or discomfort. This initial evaluation involves a visual inspection for signs like redness, swelling, or pus around the bridge area.
Dental X-rays provide a detailed view of the bridge, its supporting teeth, and the underlying bone structure, helping to identify infections that may not be visible externally. The dentist may also use a dental probe to measure the depth of gum pockets around the bridge, as deep pockets can indicate gum disease or infection. Vitality testing of the abutment teeth may be performed to determine the health of the dental pulp within these supporting teeth. Once an infection is confirmed, the dentist determines its severity and the most appropriate course of treatment.
Treatment Strategies
Treatment for an infection under a dental bridge varies depending on the severity and underlying cause. Antibiotics may be prescribed to help clear the infection, though they often serve as an initial step or adjunct to further interventions. Deep cleaning procedures, such as scaling and root planing, remove plaque and bacteria from around the bridge and along the gumline. This process targets bacterial buildup and inflammation in the affected areas.
If the infection stems from decay in the abutment teeth, restorative treatments like fillings or crowns may be necessary to restore their health. Should the infection affect the dental pulp, root canal treatment might be performed to remove the infected tissue and preserve the natural tooth. This procedure aims to save the tooth from extraction, maintaining the integrity of the bridge structure.
When a dental bridge is ill-fitting or causes irritation, adjustments or even a complete replacement of the bridge may be required to prevent future issues and reduce bacterial accumulation. For severe infections or if the bridge’s integrity is significantly compromised by decay, removal and replacement of the entire bridge may be the most suitable option. Surgical interventions, such as flap surgery, can be performed to access and clean deeply infected areas that are otherwise unreachable. If an abutment tooth is severely damaged or cannot be saved, extraction of the compromised tooth becomes necessary, which would then require a new restorative plan.
Maintaining Oral Health
After treating an infection under a dental bridge, establishing consistent oral hygiene practices is important for long-term prevention. Brushing at least twice a day with a soft-bristled toothbrush and non-abrasive toothpaste is recommended, with particular attention to the areas where the bridge meets the gums. Daily flossing is also essential; tools like floss threaders, super floss, water flossers, or interdental brushes can clean spaces under and around the bridge where regular floss cannot reach. Rinsing with an antimicrobial mouthwash helps control bacteria and reduce plaque buildup.
Regular dental check-ups, every six to nine months, are important for monitoring the condition of the bridge and surrounding tissues. These visits allow dentists to identify and address any issues early, before they escalate into more significant problems. Dietary choices also contribute to oral health; limiting sugary foods and avoiding overly sticky or hard items can help prevent plaque buildup and damage to the bridge. Managing underlying health conditions like gum disease and systemic issues such as diabetes is also important, as these can influence oral health and the susceptibility to infections.