Herpangina is a viral illness that, while primarily affecting children, can also be contracted by adults. It is caused by enteroviruses, most commonly Coxsackievirus A. Though generally self-limiting, herpangina can present uncomfortable symptoms in adults, and treatment focuses on managing these symptoms for relief. The illness typically resolves on its own without specific antiviral medications.
Understanding Herpangina in Adults
Herpangina in adults is caused by highly contagious enteroviruses, primarily Coxsackievirus A, spreading through close contact or contaminated surfaces. Adults experience a sudden onset of symptoms, including a high fever, often exceeding 102°F, a severe sore throat, and headache. A hallmark is the development of small, painful blisters or ulcers (vesicles) on the soft palate, tonsils, and back of the throat. These lesions, typically 1-5 mm, evolve from red spots to greyish lumps before becoming shallow ulcers with a red border. Symptoms usually subside within 7 to 10 days.
Managing Symptoms at Home
Relieving pain is a primary focus for adults with herpangina. Over-the-counter medications like acetaminophen or ibuprofen can reduce fever and alleviate general discomfort. Topical oral pain relievers, such as sprays, lozenges, or gels containing anesthetics like benzocaine, offer direct soothing for mouth and throat sores. These can significantly improve comfort, especially before eating or drinking.
Maintaining adequate hydration is also important, as sore throats can make swallowing difficult. Sipping cool water, clear broths, or electrolyte solutions helps prevent dehydration. Avoid acidic beverages like citrus juices and hot drinks, as these can further irritate sensitive oral tissues. Popsicles and ice chips can provide both hydration and a soothing effect.
Dietary adjustments can make eating more tolerable during herpangina. Opt for soft, bland foods that require minimal chewing and are easy to swallow, such as mashed potatoes, yogurt, scrambled eggs, or smoothies. Avoid spicy, acidic, crunchy, or very hot foods, as they can exacerbate throat pain and discomfort. Allowing the body sufficient rest is also important, as it supports the immune system in fighting off the viral infection.
Practicing good oral hygiene can contribute to comfort and recovery. Gently rinsing the mouth with warm salt water several times a day can help soothe the throat and maintain cleanliness. This simple rinse may also aid in the healing process of oral ulcers. Consistent handwashing is another measure to prevent the spread of the virus.
When to Seek Medical Advice
While herpangina typically resolves without complications, certain signs indicate the need for medical attention. Seek advice if there are signs of severe dehydration, such as reduced urination, dry mouth, or dizziness. A high fever that persists for more than a few days or does not respond to over-the-counter medications also warrants medical evaluation.
Difficulty swallowing liquids or food due to severe throat pain preventing adequate intake should prompt a doctor’s visit. Be aware of any signs of complications, such as a stiff neck, confusion, unusual drowsiness, or other neurological symptoms, as these can indicate a more serious condition. If symptoms worsen or do not improve after several days of home care, consult a healthcare provider. Individuals with a weakened immune system, pregnant women, or those with underlying health conditions should also seek medical advice if they suspect herpangina, as they may be at higher risk for severe illness. If the diagnosis is uncertain or symptoms are atypical, a medical professional can provide an accurate assessment.