Greenies, formally known as Chloronychia, are a common bacterial nail infection characterized by a distinct green discoloration that can affect both fingernails and toenails. This condition is often found in individuals whose hands or feet are frequently exposed to water, but it is typically manageable with targeted care. This guide details how to address this bacterial issue and when to seek professional medical advice.
Understanding Why Nails Turn Green
The green-blue or greenish-black discoloration characterizing Chloronychia is the result of a bacterial infection, not a stain or mold. The specific microorganism responsible is most commonly Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a type of bacteria that thrives in damp environments. This bacteria produces waste products known as pigments, primarily pyocyanin and pyoverdine, which accumulate beneath the nail plate and physically stain the nail keratin, creating the green hue. The infection typically occurs when the nail plate separates from the nail bed (onycholysis), creating a pocket where water and bacteria become trapped. Factors that create this moist environment include prolonged or frequent exposure to water (e.g., dishwashing or swimming) and underlying trauma to the nail. Wearing artificial nails, chronic inflammation of the nail fold (paronychia), or pre-existing fungal infections can also predispose a person to Chloronychia by damaging the nail’s protective barrier.
Effective Home Management Strategies
Home treatment for mild Chloronychia focuses on eliminating the moist environment where Pseudomonas bacteria flourish. The first step is keeping the affected nail dry at all times, which starves the bacteria of necessary moisture. This involves reducing water exposure and thoroughly drying the nail immediately after washing.
Topical Treatment
A primary at-home treatment involves soaking the infected nail in a diluted acidic solution to kill the bacteria. A common solution is a white vinegar soak, created by mixing one part white vinegar with four to ten parts water. Soak the affected area for about ten minutes, twice a day, to prevent bacterial proliferation. After soaking, the nail must be dried completely, as residual moisture undermines treatment effectiveness.
It is also helpful to trim away any portion of the nail that has separated from the nail bed (onycholysis) to remove trapped moisture and bacteria. Topical antiseptics or over-the-counter antibiotic ointments can be applied after drying to further support bacterial elimination. Sanitize any nail tools that contact the infected nail to prevent spreading the bacteria. Note that the green discoloration will not vanish immediately; the stained portion must physically grow out and be clipped away, which takes several weeks or months. These methods are only suitable for mild infections without significant pain, swelling, or deep spread.
Preventing Future Occurrences and Knowing When to See a Doctor
Long-term prevention of Chloronychia requires minimizing moisture and protecting the nail from trauma. Individuals who engage in “wet work,” such as dishwashers, cleaners, or healthcare workers, should consistently wear waterproof gloves to shield their nails from prolonged water exposure. Using cotton liners inside work gloves helps absorb perspiration, ensuring the nail environment remains dry.
Prevention Strategies
Proper nail hygiene is essential. This includes avoiding aggressive manicuring techniques and removing artificial nails or polish if the nail plate shows signs of lifting. Avoid using occlusive nail products, such as polish or artificial enhancements, for a period after the infection clears, as these can trap moisture and cause recurrence. Keeping the nails trimmed short reduces the area where separation from the nail bed can occur.
When to Seek Medical Attention
If home treatment has been diligently followed for one to two weeks without noticeable improvement, or if the infection worsens, consult a medical professional, such as a dermatologist. Signs requiring immediate medical attention include increasing pain, swelling, rapid spreading of the discoloration, or involvement of the surrounding skin. A doctor can confirm the diagnosis, often by taking a culture, and may prescribe stronger topical antibiotics or, in severe cases, oral antibiotics like ciprofloxacin.