Fiberglass is a silica-based material commonly used for insulation in homes and buildings. When disturbed during construction, renovation, or damage, microscopic fibers can become airborne, leading to potential inhalation exposure. While the body’s natural defenses often clear these irritants, knowing the immediate response is important for minimizing discomfort and preventing complications. This guidance focuses on recognizing the signs of inhalation and the necessary steps for relief.
Recognizing the Signs of Inhalation
Exposure to airborne fiberglass particles results in acute irritation of the body’s mucous membranes and respiratory tract. Symptoms are temporary and localized, acting as a direct response to the physical presence of the glass fibers. Recognizing these initial signs helps determine the necessary course of action.
Respiratory symptoms include a persistent dry cough and soreness in the throat as fibers lodge in the upper airway. Individuals may experience temporary hoarseness or a scratchy feeling that prompts frequent throat clearing. This irritation is usually an immediate reaction to the physical trauma caused by the abrasive fibers.
In the nasal and sinus areas, a runny nose, repeated sneezing, and congestion are common responses. The body attempts to flush out the foreign particles through increased mucous production and forceful expulsion. Fibers can also irritate the eyes, causing redness, watering, and a burning sensation, especially if the exposed person rubs their eyes.
Immediate Steps for Relief and Airway Clearance
The first step after recognizing exposure is to immediately exit the contaminated area and gently remove all contaminated clothing. Avoid shaking the clothing, as this releases more fibers; instead, place items directly into a plastic bag for separate washing. Showering or rinsing exposed areas with cool or lukewarm water is necessary to remove fibers and soothe irritation.
Rinsing should be performed gently, as rubbing the skin can push the fibers deeper into the pores. Cool water helps constrict the pores, facilitating the removal of fibers from the skin. For the eyes, flush them continuously with running water or a saline eyewash for at least fifteen minutes, lifting the eyelids to ensure thorough rinsing.
For the irritated respiratory tract, controlled techniques are preferred over harsh, forceful coughing, which can cause further inflammation. The “huff cough” technique involves taking a slow, deep breath, holding it for a few seconds, and then quickly exhaling with an open mouth, like fogging a mirror. This controlled exhalation helps move particles from the smaller airways to larger ones without collapsing the air passages.
Using a humidifier or sitting in a steam-filled room, such as a hot shower, can help soothe inflamed airways by adding moisture. Hydration helps thin mucus that has formed, making it easier for the body’s natural mechanisms to clear the fibers. Over-the-counter aids like saline nasal spray can help flush particles from the nasal passages, and throat lozenges can provide symptomatic relief for a sore throat.
When Professional Medical Care Is Required
While most minor inhalation symptoms resolve with immediate self-care, warning signs indicate the need for medical evaluation. Seek immediate attention if you experience persistent difficulty breathing, chest tightness, or wheezing that does not resolve shortly after leaving the contaminated environment. Symptoms that worsen over 24 to 48 hours, or the development of blue lips or fingernails, signal a serious respiratory complication.
Individuals with pre-existing respiratory conditions, such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, should consult a physician sooner, as their airways are more vulnerable to irritation. Seek professional help if you believe a large amount of fiberglass was inhaled or if you continue to cough up material.
A medical assessment may involve a physical examination, chest X-rays to check for lung inflammation, or pulmonary function tests (spirometry) to measure lung capacity and airflow. Treatment for severe cases can include prescribed bronchodilators to open the airways or oral steroids to reduce inflammation. When consulting a healthcare provider, clearly describe the type and duration of the fiberglass exposure.