Elbow bursitis can cause discomfort and limit movement, making daily activities challenging. This guide explains elbow bursitis and outlines different treatment pathways, from at-home methods to professional medical interventions, to support recovery.
Elbow Bursitis Explained
A bursa is a fluid-filled sac that cushions bones and soft tissues, allowing them to glide smoothly. In the elbow, the olecranon bursa is positioned over the bony tip. When irritated or inflamed, this bursa fills with excess fluid, leading to elbow bursitis.
Common indicators include swelling around the elbow, which can sometimes resemble a “goose egg” or “golf ball.” This swelling often leads to pain, especially when pressure is applied or the joint is bent. If the bursa is infected, the skin over the affected area may also appear red and feel warm.
Immediate Home Care Strategies
Initial management of elbow bursitis often involves home care strategies to reduce pain and inflammation. Resting the affected elbow is a primary step, as avoiding activities that aggravate the condition allows the bursa time to heal.
Applying ice to the swollen area can help reduce both pain and inflammation. Cold packs should be used for 15 to 20 minutes at a time, several times a day, ensuring a thin cloth is placed between the ice and the skin. This cold therapy helps control swelling.
Compression of the elbow with an elastic bandage can also help manage swelling by providing gentle pressure. Apply the bandage snugly but not so tightly that it restricts blood flow or causes tingling. Elevating the elbow above heart level, especially while resting, can further assist in reducing fluid accumulation.
Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), can also provide relief. These medications work by reducing the body’s inflammatory response. Always follow dosage instructions and consult a doctor if symptoms persist or worsen.
Professional Medical Treatment Options
When home care strategies do not provide sufficient relief, or if an infection is suspected, professional medical treatment becomes necessary. A doctor typically diagnoses elbow bursitis through a physical examination. Imaging tests like X-rays, ultrasound, or MRI may be ordered to rule out other conditions or assess the extent of the inflammation.
If the bursa is significantly swollen and causing considerable discomfort, a medical professional may perform aspiration, draining the fluid with a needle. This procedure reduces pressure and provides relief, and allows for fluid analysis to determine if an infection is present.
For non-infected bursitis, corticosteroid injections may be administered directly into the bursa. These anti-inflammatory medications can quickly reduce swelling and pain. However, corticosteroids are not used if an infection is suspected.
If the bursitis is caused by a bacterial infection (septic bursitis), antibiotics are prescribed. Oral antibiotics are typically given, though the duration can vary based on the infection’s severity and the patient’s response. In severe cases, or if the infection does not respond to oral medication, intravenous antibiotics or surgical drainage might be required.
Surgical intervention, called bursectomy, is a last resort for persistent or severe cases unresponsive to conservative treatments. During a bursectomy, the inflamed bursa is surgically removed, often through a minimally invasive arthroscopic procedure. This option is also considered for chronic recurrent bursitis or when there is an infection not cleared by antibiotics alone.
Recovery and Preventing Recurrence
Following treatment, a period of recovery is necessary to ensure healing and minimize the chance of the bursitis returning. Gently moving the elbow is encouraged to prevent stiffness. Rehabilitation exercises can help restore full range of motion and strengthen the muscles around the elbow.
To prevent future flare-ups, avoid prolonged pressure on the elbow, such as leaning on hard surfaces. Using protective elbow pads or compression sleeves can cushion the area and reduce friction during activities that might put stress on the joint.
Modifying activities that led to the bursitis can also be beneficial. This might involve adjusting work habits or sports techniques to reduce repetitive strain on the elbow. Gradually returning to activities and being mindful of any discomfort helps in preventing recurrence. Adhering to medical advice regarding recovery protocols and activity modifications is important for long-term management.