Chemotherapy treatments often result in dry skin, known as xerosis, as a common side effect. This condition manifests as skin tightness, flaking, or itching. The skin’s barrier function becomes compromised, leading to increased moisture loss and sensitivity. Understanding why this dryness occurs and how to manage it safely is important for maintaining comfort and skin integrity during treatment. This guide provides practical strategies for caring for your skin, addressing topical products and environmental adjustments.
How Chemotherapy Affects Skin Health
Chemotherapy drugs attack rapidly dividing cells, which is characteristic of cancer. Unfortunately, this action also affects healthy, fast-growing cells, particularly those in the skin’s outer layer, the epidermis. The epidermis constantly regenerates, forming the stratum corneum, which acts as the skin’s protective barrier.
When chemotherapy disrupts this natural renewal process, the skin barrier becomes impaired. The delicate balance of lipids and proteins that help the skin retain water is compromised, breaking down the skin’s natural defenses. This damage results in a higher rate of Transepidermal Water Loss (TEWL), which is the passive evaporation of water from the skin’s surface. The increased water loss leaves the skin dehydrated, feeling rough, tight, and prone to flaking and irritation.
Targeted Topical Treatments and Ingredients
Selecting the correct moisturizing product is a primary step in managing chemotherapy-induced dry skin. These products work by either attracting water to the skin (humectants) or creating a protective seal to prevent water loss (occlusives). The consistency of the formulation should be chosen based on the severity of the dryness.
Ointments contain the highest percentage of oil, often around 80%, making them the most occlusive option. Their greasy nature provides an intense moisture barrier for severely dry, cracked, or chapped areas like hands and feet. Creams are a balance of oil and water, offering a thicker consistency than lotions but with less greasiness than ointments. They are suitable for widespread dry skin.
Lotions have the highest water content, resulting in a lighter, thinner consistency that absorbs quickly. Their lower oil content provides less barrier protection, making them best for mild dryness. Look for products containing ceramides and hyaluronic acid, which help repair the barrier and attract moisture. Colloidal oatmeal is also beneficial for soothing irritated and itchy skin.
It is important to avoid ingredients that can strip the skin of moisture or cause irritation. Products containing fragrance, alcohol, and harsh exfoliants such as alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs) or retinoids should be avoided during treatment. Apply any moisturizing product immediately after bathing or showering, while the skin is still slightly damp, to effectively trap surface moisture.
Daily Habits and Environmental Adjustments
Adjusting your daily care routine can significantly reduce dryness and discomfort. Bathing should be brief and done with lukewarm, not hot, water to prevent further depletion of the skin’s natural oils. Use mild, unscented, and low-pH cleansers, as harsh soaps can aggravate dryness and irritation.
After bathing, gently pat the skin dry with a soft towel rather than rubbing, leaving a small amount of moisture before applying moisturizers. Using a cool-mist humidifier can help return moisture to the air, especially in dry or cold weather. Protecting the skin also involves avoiding friction from clothing and harsh chemicals.
Opt for soft, loose-fitting clothes made from breathable fabrics that do not rub against sensitive skin. When washing dishes, wear cotton-lined gloves to protect your hands from prolonged water exposure and detergents. For shaving, an electric razor is recommended over a blade to prevent nicks and cuts that could lead to irritation or infection.
Recognizing Severe Skin Reactions
While general dryness is manageable at home, severe skin reactions require professional medical attention. The development of a rash, severe cracking, or blistering, especially on the palms and soles of the feet, could indicate Hand-Foot Syndrome (HFS). This condition can cause intense pain, swelling, and difficulty with daily activities like walking or grasping objects.
Signs of potential infection, such as increasing redness, warmth, pus, or drainage from a cracked area, must be reported to your oncology team immediately. A fever of 100.4°F (38°C) or higher, chills, or any rapidly worsening symptoms warrant an urgent call to your doctor. Early communication ensures that your treatment plan can be adjusted, or appropriate medications can be prescribed to manage the severe reaction.