Fever and chills are common symptoms of COVID-19. Managing these symptoms at home can provide comfort and support recovery. This article offers practical advice on at-home comfort measures, guidance on over-the-counter medications, and important information on when to contact a healthcare provider.
Understanding Fever and Chills in COVID-19
Fever is an elevated body temperature, above 100.4°F (38°C). It is a natural immune response to fight infection. This increased temperature inhibits virus and bacteria growth, making the body less hospitable for pathogens.
Chills often accompany fever, causing a sensation of coldness and shivering, even in a warm environment. This occurs as the body attempts to raise its core temperature, leading to muscle contractions and shivering to generate heat. Both fever and chills indicate that the immune system is actively responding to the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
At-Home Comfort Measures
Staying well-hydrated is important when experiencing fever and chills. Fever causes increased sweating and fluid loss, so drink plenty of fluids like water, broth, or electrolyte drinks to prevent dehydration. Warm beverages such as tea or broth can also soothe a sore throat.
Adequate rest allows the body to conserve energy, important for fighting the virus. Wearing comfortable, light, and breathable clothing helps regulate body temperature and prevents overheating. Conversely, during chills, avoid excessive blankets that might cause the fever to rise further.
Maintaining a comfortable room temperature can also contribute to comfort. Applying cool compresses to the forehead, wrists, armpits, or the back of the neck can help lower body temperature and relieve discomfort. Lukewarm baths or sponge baths can also provide relief. Avoid cold water or ice, as this can induce shivering and potentially raise core body temperature.
Over-the-Counter Medication Guidance
Over-the-counter (OTC) medications can help reduce fever and alleviate body aches associated with COVID-19. Acetaminophen (e.g., Tylenol) is a common choice for fever and pain relief. For adults, a dose of acetaminophen is 650 mg every 4 to 6 hours, with a maximum daily dose not exceeding 3,000 mg to 4,000 mg in 24 hours. It is important not to exceed the recommended dose, as high amounts can cause liver damage.
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen (e.g., Advil, Motrin) or naproxen (e.g., Aleve) are also effective for reducing fever and muscle aches. For ibuprofen, adults can take 200 mg to 400 mg every 4 to 6 hours, with a maximum daily dose for OTC formulations around 1,200 mg. Naproxen is taken as 220 mg every 8 to 12 hours, with a maximum of 660 mg in 24 hours.
NSAIDs should be taken with food to reduce stomach irritation and used with caution by individuals with kidney or stomach issues. Always read and follow dosage instructions. Consult a healthcare professional or pharmacist if unsure about appropriate use, especially with existing health conditions or other medications.
When to Contact a Healthcare Provider
While most COVID-19 cases are managed at home, some symptoms warrant immediate medical attention. Seek emergency care for difficulty breathing, persistent chest pain or pressure, new confusion, or inability to wake or stay awake. Pale, gray, or blue skin, lips, or nail beds are also serious warning signs.
Contact a doctor if symptoms worsen, do not improve after several days, or if you are at higher risk for severe illness due to age or underlying health conditions. Other reasons to contact a healthcare provider include a fever lasting more than 3 days, a severe headache not improving with pain relievers, or signs of dehydration like lightheadedness. Always call ahead before visiting a clinic or emergency facility to inform them of your symptoms.