A scalp sunburn occurs when the skin on your head is damaged by ultraviolet (UV) radiation, leading to an inflammatory response. The scalp is often forgotten during sun protection, making it highly vulnerable to injury. Hair offers only partial defense, especially along the part line or where hair is thinning, leaving the delicate skin exposed. Addressing the burn promptly is necessary to manage the pain and support the skin’s recovery process.
Immediate Steps for Soothing Pain
The first action is to cool the affected area to halt the inflammatory process. Applying a cool shower to the scalp for five to twenty minutes can significantly reduce the initial burning sensation and inflammation. A cold compress, such as a cloth soaked in cool water, can also be used. Avoid applying ice directly to the skin, as this can cause further irritation.
Once the area is cooled, gently apply soothing, non-greasy products to hydrate the skin. Aloe vera gel is recommended for its anti-inflammatory properties, but ensure the product is free of alcohol and fragrance, which can aggravate sunburned skin. For pronounced redness and swelling, a thin layer of 1% over-the-counter hydrocortisone cream can be applied once daily to calm the irritation.
To manage the pain, an oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), such as ibuprofen, may be taken for the first few days. Avoid applying products that trap heat, such as petroleum jelly or heavy ointments, as they can worsen the initial damage. Topical pain relievers containing benzocaine or lidocaine should also be avoided because they can cause irritation or an allergic reaction on damaged skin.
Managing the Healing Process
As the initial heat subsides, the skin begins the healing process, often involving flaking and peeling as damaged cells are shed. This shedding usually starts three to five days after the burn and can resemble large flakes of dandruff. Resist the urge to pick or scratch the flaking skin, as this increases the risk of introducing bacteria and causing infection.
Continue to wash your hair with cool or lukewarm water, using a mild shampoo free of sulfates and fragrances to prevent further drying and irritation. If blisters form, signaling a deeper, second-degree burn, they must be left intact to prevent infection. If a blister breaks, gently clean the area and apply a non-stick dressing, as the blister roof acts as a natural sterile dressing.
Continued gentle moisturizing is helpful as the skin peels. Occlusive ointments, like a healing spray or light oil, can be used sparingly to lock in moisture once the skin is no longer hot to the touch. Shield the healing scalp from all sun exposure by wearing a wide-brimmed hat whenever you go outdoors until the skin has completely healed. Avoid all heat-styling tools, such as blow dryers and straighteners, as the added heat increases discomfort and delays recovery.
When Medical Attention is Necessary
While most scalp sunburns can be managed at home, certain signs indicate the burn is severe and requires professional medical attention. Seek care immediately if you develop systemic symptoms like a high fever, persistent nausea, vomiting, or confusion, as these may signal heatstroke or severe dehydration. A severe, throbbing headache that does not respond to over-the-counter pain medication is also a warning sign.
Consult a healthcare provider if localized symptoms worsen or suggest an infection. Signs include developing large areas of blistering, pus, increasing swelling, or red streaks extending from the burned area. Any pain that significantly intensifies rather than subsiding over the first two days warrants a professional evaluation.
Prevention Strategies
The most effective way to prevent a scalp sunburn is to use a combination of physical barriers and chemical protection. A wide-brimmed hat is the best physical defense; look for one labeled with an ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) for maximum effectiveness. Avoid loosely woven straw hats, as UV light can easily penetrate the material.
For chemical protection, apply a broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher to all exposed scalp areas. To avoid a greasy appearance, look for sunscreens formulated for the scalp, which often come as lightweight sprays or mists that dry quickly. A sunscreen stick also allows for precise application along the part line without affecting the surrounding hair.
For midday touch-ups, a mineral powder sunscreen with a built-in brush applicator can absorb oil while providing renewed UV protection. Reapplication is important, especially if swimming or sweating, with most water-resistant formulas requiring reapplication every 80 minutes. Limit outdoor exposure between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. when the sun’s rays are strongest.