A root canal infection, also known as pulpitis, occurs when the soft tissue inside your tooth, called the pulp, becomes inflamed and infected. The pulp contains nerves, blood vessels, and connective tissue, providing nutrients to the tooth. This condition often results from bacteria entering the tooth through deep decay, repeated dental procedures, or a crack or chip in the tooth. If left untreated, the infection can spread, causing discomfort and potentially leading to serious complications. Understanding this condition and its treatment options is important for maintaining oral health.
Recognizing an Infection
Recognizing the signs of a root canal infection is a first step toward seeking timely treatment. A common symptom is severe, persistent tooth pain that may throb and worsen when chewing or applying pressure. You might also experience heightened sensitivity to hot or cold temperatures, especially if the sensation lingers after the stimulus is removed.
Swelling in the gums, face, or jaw can indicate the infection has spread beyond the tooth. Sometimes, a small, pimple-like bump, known as a fistula, may appear on the gums, which can release pus. The affected tooth might also become discolored, appearing darker than surrounding teeth due to internal damage to the pulp. A dental professional diagnoses a root canal infection through a clinical examination, which includes tapping on the tooth and applying hot or cold stimuli to assess sensitivity. Dental X-rays are also used to visualize the extent of the infection and any damage to the surrounding bone.
The Root Canal Procedure
Root canal treatment, also known as endodontic therapy, is the main method for treating a root canal infection and saving the natural tooth. The procedure begins with local anesthesia to numb the area. A dental dam is then placed around the tooth to isolate it from saliva and bacteria.
Next, the dentist creates an access opening in the tooth’s crown to reach the infected pulp chamber and root canals. Instruments are used to remove the diseased or dead pulp tissue. The root canals are then cleaned, disinfected, and shaped for filling. This cleaning eliminates the infection and helps prevent recurrence.
After the canals are cleaned and shaped, they are filled with gutta-percha, a biocompatible, rubber-like material. This material, often with a sealer, fills and seals the canals to prevent future bacterial invasion. The access opening is then sealed with a temporary filling to protect the tooth until a permanent restoration. A permanent crown is typically recommended to protect the treated tooth from fracture and restore its function.
Other Treatment Approaches
While root canal therapy is the preferred method for preserving an infected tooth, tooth extraction may be considered as an alternative. Extraction involves removing the infected tooth from its socket. This option is usually presented when the tooth is too severely damaged to be saved by a root canal, or if a root canal has failed.
Extraction may also be chosen if the tooth has significant structural damage or if the patient prefers it. After an extraction, the empty space can cause surrounding teeth to shift, affecting bite alignment. To prevent this and maintain oral function, replacement options like dental implants, bridges, or partial dentures are often recommended. These replacements help maintain your bite and the position of adjacent teeth.
After Your Treatment
After a root canal or tooth extraction, proper aftercare aids healing and long-term success. Following a root canal, mild soreness or sensitivity in the treated tooth is normal for a few days. This discomfort can usually be managed with over-the-counter pain relievers, as advised by your dentist.
Returning for the permanent restoration, usually a crown, within a few weeks is important after root canal therapy. This crown protects the treated tooth from fracture and helps prevent re-infection, supporting treatment longevity. For tooth extractions, wound care promotes healing and prevents complications. Follow your dentist’s instructions for the first few days, which may include biting on gauze, avoiding vigorous rinsing, and eating soft foods.
Managing any discomfort with prescribed or over-the-counter pain medication is also part of the recovery. Discussing tooth replacement options with your dentist is important to prevent adjacent teeth from shifting and to maintain proper bite function. Regardless of the treatment, maintaining excellent oral hygiene practices, including regular brushing and flossing, is important for overall dental health.