The scalp is highly susceptible to ultraviolet (UV) radiation damage because the skin layer is thin and the hair part is often directly exposed to the sun. A scalp sunburn occurs when UV rays damage skin cells, causing inflammation, redness, and eventual peeling as the body sheds the damaged tissue. Managing a scalp sunburn involves two steps: first, calming the acute inflammation, and second, providing gentle care to the peeling skin to prevent infection and scarring.
Soothing Acute Inflammation
The initial goal is to reduce the heat and inflammation caused by UV exposure. Applying a cool compress provides immediate relief and draws heat away from the tender skin. Soak a soft cloth in cool water (not ice-cold) and gently press it onto the affected area for 10 to 15 minutes, repeating several times daily as needed.
Topical application of pure aloe vera gel can calm the skin due to its cooling and anti-inflammatory properties. Select a product free from alcohol, fragrances, or harsh additives, which could irritate the compromised skin barrier. For systemic relief from pain and swelling, over-the-counter non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen can be taken to reduce the internal inflammation response.
Gentle Care While Peeling
Once the initial redness and heat subside, the skin begins the natural healing process of peeling, which requires careful management. During this stage, switch to a mild, sulfate-free shampoo to cleanse the hair and scalp gently. Sulfates can strip the skin of natural oils and cause irritation to the sensitive, peeling tissue.
When washing, use cool or lukewarm water, as hot water increases discomfort and inflammation. Apply the mild shampoo by gently massaging the scalp with fingertips, avoiding scrubbing or vigorous motions that could prematurely pull off flaking skin. After rinsing thoroughly, gently pat the hair and scalp dry with a soft towel instead of rubbing. Allow the scalp to air-dry whenever possible to avoid introducing heat.
Moisturizing the peeling scalp is important to support healing and minimize itching. Light, non-comedogenic oils or lotions designed for the scalp can be applied to lock in moisture and aid in skin barrier repair. Choose products containing ingredients like ceramides or soy-based moisturizers, which assist in skin healing by retaining hydration. Allow the loose flakes of skin to shed naturally, as this is the body’s method of removing the damaged top layer.
Actions That Will Cause Further Damage
Several actions must be avoided entirely to prevent complications like infection or delayed healing. Resist the urge to pick at or manually peel the flaking skin, as this can tear the new, delicate skin underneath, leading to open wounds and potential infection. Avoid scrubbing the scalp with brushes or anti-dandruff shampoos, as these actions irritate the skin and worsen peeling.
Heat styling must be stopped until the scalp is completely recovered. This includes abstaining from using blow dryers, curling irons, or straighteners, as direct heat increases discomfort and further dries out the damaged tissue. Avoid applying harsh hair products, such as alcohol-based sprays, strong hair dyes, or bleaching agents, which chemically irritate the sensitive skin. If symptoms worsen, or if signs of infection appear (such as increasing pain, swelling, pus draining from blisters, fever, or chills), seek medical attention.
Preventing Future Scalp Sunburns
The most effective way to manage a scalp sunburn is to prevent it, especially since the scalp is often overlooked in sun protection routines. Physical barriers offer immediate protection against harmful UV rays. Wearing a wide-brimmed hat or using a scarf provides a physical block, with wide-brimmed options offering the best coverage.
When a hat is impractical, specialized scalp sunscreens are available in non-greasy spray or powder formulas. These can be applied directly to the scalp, particularly along the hair part and thinning areas, offering protection without leaving a heavy residue. Limiting outdoor time during peak UV hours, typically between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m., also reduces the risk of a burn.