A bleach burn is a chemical burn from contact with sodium hypochlorite, the active ingredient in common household bleach. This corrosive substance can damage human tissue upon contact, leading to irritation or more severe injury. Understanding immediate actions after bleach exposure is important to minimize harm.
Immediate Steps for Skin Exposure
Immediately remove any clothing or jewelry splashed with the chemical. This prevents continued exposure.
Rinse the affected skin area thoroughly with plenty of cool, running water for 15 to 20 minutes. Avoid scrubbing the skin or attempting to neutralize the bleach with other substances, as this can worsen the damage. After rinsing, gently wash the area with mild soap and water to remove any residual bleach.
Handling Bleach Exposure to Eyes or Ingestion
If bleach splashes into the eyes, hold the eyelids open and rinse them with a gentle stream of clean, lukewarm water for 15 to 20 minutes. If contact lenses are worn, remove them during rinsing, but do not delay flushing. The goal is to flush out the chemical and help return the eye to its normal pH level.
If bleach is accidentally ingested, it is a serious medical emergency. Do not induce vomiting, as this can cause further damage to the esophagus and other internal tissues. If the person is conscious and able to swallow, give them a small amount of water or milk (around 4 to 8 ounces) to dilute the bleach. Promptly contact poison control or emergency medical services for further instructions.
When Professional Medical Help is Needed
Professional medical attention is needed for certain bleach exposures. Seek immediate medical care if the bleach burn is larger than three inches in diameter, appears deep, or involves sensitive areas such as the face, hands, feet, joints, or genitals. Pain that persists or worsens after rinsing, or the development of blisters or blackened skin, also indicate medical evaluation.
Any bleach exposure to the eyes or accidental ingestion requires a call to poison control or emergency services, even if symptoms seem mild initially. Chemical burns can sometimes cause deeper tissue damage that is not immediately apparent. Signs of infection, such as increased pain, swelling, warmth, redness, pus, or fever, also warrant medical consultation.
Ongoing Care and Prevention
After first aid, keep a minor bleach burn clean to prevent infection. Wash the burn daily with mild soap and water, gently patting it dry. A thin layer of petroleum jelly and a non-stick bandage can be applied to protect the burn and promote healing. It is important to avoid breaking any blisters that may form, as they protect the underlying skin.
Prevent future bleach exposures by adopting safe handling and storage practices. Always wear protective gloves, such as rubber or neoprene, and eye protection like goggles or a face shield when working with bleach. Ensure the area is well-ventilated to reduce fume inhalation. Store bleach in its original container, tightly sealed, in a cool, dry place, away from direct sunlight, heat, metals, and out of reach of children and pets. Never mix bleach with other cleaning products, especially those containing ammonia or acids, as this can produce dangerous gases.