A scalp bleach burn occurs when the strong chemicals in hair bleach, typically hydrogen peroxide and persulfates, react with the skin on the scalp. This chemical reaction can break down skin proteins and fats, leading to irritation, inflammation, and damage to the scalp tissue. Prompt action is important to minimize damage and promote effective healing.
Immediate Response to a Scalp Burn
Immediately rinse the affected scalp area with a continuous stream of cool, not cold, water for at least 15 to 20 minutes. This extensive rinsing helps to dilute and wash away any remaining bleach product, preventing further chemical activity on the skin.
During the rinsing process, carefully remove any clothing, jewelry, or hair accessories that may have come into contact with the bleach. Avoid rubbing or scrubbing the scalp, as this can further irritate the damaged skin. After rinsing, gently blot the area dry with a clean, soft towel rather than rubbing.
After rinsing, assess the affected area. Observe the skin for signs such as redness, tenderness, or any changes in texture. This initial observation helps in determining the severity of the burn and guides subsequent care decisions.
Managing Less Severe Burns at Home
For mild to moderate scalp burns, gentle cleansing is an important first step. Wash the affected scalp area with a mild, pH-balanced shampoo and cool water to ensure all chemical residues are removed. Gently pat the scalp dry with a clean towel.
Applying soothing agents can help manage discomfort and promote healing. Aloe vera gel, known for its calming properties, can be applied to the affected area. Petroleum jelly or a similar emollient helps keep the skin moisturized and protected, forming a barrier against irritants. These applications should be thin and consistent.
Maintain scalp cleanliness to prevent infection. Avoid scratching or picking at the area, which can introduce bacteria. Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen, can help manage discomfort or pain.
Avoid exposing the healing scalp to direct heat, such as from hot styling tools or hot water, and avoid using harsh hair products, dyes, or chemical treatments. Do not apply ice directly to the burn, as this can cause further tissue damage. Also, avoid unverified home remedies that could worsen the irritation.
Recognizing When to Seek Medical Attention
Seek professional medical evaluation if the pain intensifies or becomes unmanageable with over-the-counter pain relievers. Persistent or severe pain suggests a deeper tissue injury that requires assessment.
Signs of infection warrant immediate medical attention. These include increasing redness spreading beyond the initial burn area, significant swelling, warmth radiating from the scalp, pus formation, or a foul odor. A fever accompanying these symptoms also indicates a potential infection.
The presence of blisters, especially large or rapidly forming ones, signifies a more severe burn depth. Any signs of deep tissue damage, such as charred skin or numbness in the affected area, are also serious indicators. If a large portion of the scalp is affected, or if home treatment fails to improve the condition within a few days, medical consultation is appropriate.
Avoiding Scalp Bleach Burns
Preventing scalp bleach burns requires careful preparation and adherence to product guidelines. Perform a patch test approximately 48 hours before a full application. Apply a small amount of mixed bleach to a discreet skin area, like behind the ear, to check for adverse reactions.
Always follow the manufacturer’s instructions for mixing ratios, application time, and developer strength. Using a lower volume developer, such as 10 or 20 volume, can reduce the risk of chemical burns compared to higher volumes. Applying a protective barrier like petroleum jelly along the hairline and around the ears can also help shield the skin from direct contact with the bleach.
When applying bleach, avoid overlapping the product onto previously lightened or processed hair, as this can lead to over-processing and increased risk of scalp irritation. Maintaining a clean sectioning technique helps ensure precise application only to the desired areas. For complex processes or if uncertain about application, seeking assistance from a professional hairstylist can significantly reduce the risk of chemical burns.