A deviated septum is a common nasal condition that can impact breathing and overall comfort. While self-observation methods can offer preliminary insights, a professional medical evaluation remains the definitive way to confirm its presence and determine appropriate management.
Understanding a Deviated Septum
A deviated septum occurs when the nasal septum, the thin wall dividing the nasal passages, shifts from its central position. Composed of cartilage and bone, this wall separates the right and left sides of the nasal cavity. Its normal function involves maintaining two equally sized nasal passages, allowing for free airflow.
This condition is prevalent, with estimates suggesting that approximately 80% of people have some degree of septal deviation, often without experiencing any symptoms. A deviated septum can be present from birth due to developmental factors or birth injuries. It can also develop later from a direct nasal injury, such as an accident or sports incident.
Recognizing Common Symptoms
A deviated septum can lead to a range of symptoms, affecting airflow and drainage. One common issue is nasal obstruction, causing difficulty breathing through one or both nostrils. This blockage can become more pronounced during colds or allergy seasons when nasal tissues are already swollen.
Individuals may also experience recurrent nosebleeds, as the shifted septum can cause the nasal lining to become dry and prone to irritation. Facial pain or pressure is also common. The condition can contribute to noisy breathing during sleep, including snoring, and in some cases, it may be associated with sleep apnea. Some people might prefer sleeping on a specific side for easier breathing through the less obstructed nostril. Impaired airflow and drainage can also make individuals more prone to recurrent sinus infections.
Initial Self-Observation Methods
While self-diagnosis is not possible, certain self-observation methods can help identify potential signs. One approach involves a visual inspection. By tilting the head back and looking in a mirror, or taking a picture of the underside of the nose, observe if nostrils appear uneven or if the columella (the fleshy part between nostrils) is noticeably bent. However, external appearance does not always correlate with the degree of internal deviation.
Another self-test assesses airflow through each nostril. Gently close one nostril with a finger and breathe through the open one, then repeat on the other side. A significant difference in breathing ease between nostrils could suggest a deviation. While some sources mention gently feeling the inside of the nostril, this is not recommended due to inaccuracy and irritation risk. These techniques are for identifying potential indicators only and do not provide a definitive medical diagnosis.
The Importance of Professional Evaluation
A professional medical evaluation is the only definitive way to diagnose a deviated septum and differentiate it from other conditions with similar symptoms, such as allergies or turbinate enlargement. An ear, nose, and throat (ENT) specialist typically conducts this assessment. Diagnosis begins with a thorough discussion of symptoms and medical history, including past nasal injuries.
During the physical examination, the healthcare provider uses a nasal speculum to gently widen the nostrils and look inside the nose. This allows visualization of the septum’s position relative to the nasal passages. For a more detailed view, a nasal endoscope—a thin, lighted tube with a camera—may be used for a thorough internal examination of the nasal and sinus passages. A professional diagnosis ensures accurate identification of the condition and allows for a discussion of its potential impact, leading to appropriate treatment recommendations.