Vaginal discomfort is common, with symptoms like itching, discharge, or odor. This article clarifies the distinct characteristics of yeast infections and bacterial vaginosis (BV).
Understanding Yeast Infections
A vaginal yeast infection, also known as vaginal candidiasis, results from an overgrowth of a fungus called Candida, most commonly Candida albicans. This fungus naturally resides in the body in small amounts. When the balance of microorganisms in the vagina is disrupted, Candida can multiply rapidly, leading to an infection.
Common symptoms include intense itching and burning, along with redness and swelling of the vulva. Discharge is typically thick, white, and often described as resembling cottage cheese, usually with little to no odor. Factors contributing to yeast overgrowth include antibiotic use, hormonal changes, and conditions like unmanaged diabetes.
Understanding Bacterial Vaginosis (BV)
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) occurs due to an imbalance of naturally occurring bacteria in the vagina, where certain bacteria overgrow and outnumber beneficial lactobacilli. While the exact cause of this imbalance is not always clear, it often involves an increase in bacteria like Gardnerella vaginalis. The vaginal pH becomes less acidic, creating an environment favorable for bacterial overgrowth.
Symptoms of BV frequently include a thin, greyish-white or greenish vaginal discharge. A distinctive feature is a strong “fishy” odor, often more noticeable after sexual intercourse or during menstruation. While itching or burning can occur, these are less common or severe than with a yeast infection. Many individuals with BV may not experience any symptoms.
Key Differences in Symptoms
Key differences between yeast infections and BV primarily involve discharge, odor, and itching. Yeast infection discharge is typically thick, white, and cottage cheese-like, with little to no odor. In contrast, BV discharge is usually thin, greyish-white or greenish, and has a strong “fishy” odor, often intensifying after sexual intercourse or during menstruation.
Intense vaginal itching and burning are prominent in yeast infections, while BV itching is generally less severe or absent. Redness and swelling around the vulva are also more indicative of a yeast infection. Pain during urination or sexual intercourse can occur with both, but burning during urination may be more pronounced with a yeast infection.
When to Seek Medical Advice
Self-diagnosing vaginal conditions can be unreliable because symptoms can overlap with other issues. Consulting a healthcare professional is important for an accurate diagnosis and effective treatment. Seek medical advice if it is the first time experiencing these symptoms, or if symptoms are severe and cause significant discomfort.
Professional evaluation is also necessary if over-the-counter treatments for presumed yeast infections do not lead to improvement, or if symptoms recur frequently. Individuals who are pregnant should always consult a doctor for any vaginal symptoms, as some infections can lead to complications. Additionally, if there are new or multiple sexual partners, a medical visit is advised to rule out other infections.