The forearm contains two long bones, the radius and the ulna. The ulna is positioned on the pinky finger side of the forearm. It provides a stable structure and plays a role in allowing a wide range of movements, including bending, straightening, and rotation of the arm, wrist, and hand.
Common Indicators of an Ulna Fracture
Immediate and severe pain in the forearm is a primary indicator of a potential ulna fracture, often worsening with movement or touch. Swelling develops around the injury site, and bruising may appear. A noticeable deformity, such as the forearm appearing bent or shorter than the uninjured arm, may signal a fracture.
Movement of the arm, wrist, or fingers becomes difficult or impossible, particularly with forearm rotation. Tenderness to the touch is present along the bone. A grinding sensation may be felt with movement.
Numbness or tingling in the fingers or wrist can occur if nerves are affected by the injury. In severe cases, bone fragments might break through the skin, creating an open wound. This type of injury, known as an open fracture, requires immediate attention due to an increased risk of infection.
What to Do Immediately
If an ulna fracture is suspected, remaining calm is important. Avoid moving the injured person unless absolutely necessary for their safety. The injured arm should be immobilized promptly to prevent further damage.
A makeshift splint can be created using rigid materials such as cardboard or a rolled magazine, secured with a bandage or tape. Ensure the splint is snug but not so tight that it restricts blood circulation. Do not attempt to straighten the arm or push any protruding bone fragments back into place.
Applying ice or a cold pack to the injured area can help reduce pain and swelling. Elevating the injured arm above the heart also helps minimize swelling. If there is any bleeding, apply direct pressure to the wound. Seeking immediate medical attention is essential for a proper diagnosis and treatment. Emergency services should be contacted immediately if bone is exposed, bleeding cannot be stopped, or if there are signs of compromised blood flow to the hand, such as a cold or bluish appearance.
Professional Diagnosis of an Ulna Fracture
Upon seeking medical attention for a suspected ulna fracture, a healthcare professional will conduct a thorough physical examination. This includes checking for visible deformities, swelling, tenderness, and the arm’s range of motion. The doctor will also assess blood flow and nerve function by checking finger movement and sensation.
The primary diagnostic tool used to confirm an ulna fracture is an X-ray. Multiple images are taken from different angles. These X-rays help identify the exact location, type, and extent of the fracture, including whether the bone fragments are displaced.
In some complex situations, or if there is concern about damage to nearby joints or ligaments, additional imaging tests may be recommended. A Computed Tomography (CT) scan or Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) might be used to provide more detailed views of the bone and surrounding soft tissues. However, plain X-rays are sufficient for the initial diagnosis of an acute forearm fracture.