Laser-Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis, commonly known as LASIK, is a refractive surgery designed to reshape the cornea, the clear, dome-shaped front surface of the eye. This procedure corrects common refractive errors such as nearsightedness, farsightedness, and astigmatism, allowing light to properly focus onto the retina. LASIK is a quick outpatient procedure, often taking around 15 minutes for both eyes, and is largely pain-free due to numbing eye drops.
Understanding the LASIK Flap
The LASIK procedure involves the creation of a thin, circular flap of corneal tissue. This flap includes the outermost layer, the epithelium, and a portion of the underlying stromal tissue. Surgeons create this flap using either a microkeratome or a femtosecond laser, which uses ultra-fast pulses of light. The flap remains attached to the eye by a small hinge, allowing it to be gently lifted and folded back.
Lifting the flap provides access to the underlying corneal stroma for reshaping with an excimer laser. After reshaping, the flap is carefully repositioned. It then acts as a protective covering and adheres without stitches, facilitating rapid healing. While initial adherence occurs quickly, full bonding and stabilization can take weeks to several months.
Recognizing a Displaced Flap
A dislocated LASIK flap, though rare, can cause noticeable symptoms. A primary indicator is a sudden and significant blurring or distortion of vision in the affected eye, ranging from moderate haziness to a marked decline in clarity. Patients may also experience unusual discomfort or sharp, persistent pain.
Another common sensation is feeling as if something is in the eye, often described as a foreign body sensation. The eye might become excessively watery and appear red. Increased sensitivity to light, known as photophobia, can also occur, making even dim light bothersome. Some individuals might report double vision. These symptoms are important warning signs, but only an eye care professional can definitively diagnose a displaced flap.
Immediate Steps and Prevention
If you suspect a displaced LASIK flap, contact your surgeon or an eye care professional immediately. Prompt action is important, as early intervention can minimize potential damage and facilitate successful repositioning. Treatment often involves the surgeon lifting and repositioning the flap.
Flap displacement can occur from vigorous eye rubbing, direct trauma, or strenuous activities too soon after surgery; additionally, dry eye conditions or incomplete flap adhesion can also contribute. To prevent movement, avoid rubbing your eyes, especially in the initial weeks and months. Wear protective eyewear during sports or activities that could cause eye injury. Following all post-operative instructions, including follow-up appointments, helps ensure proper healing and reduces complications.