When the jaw is “out of place,” it means the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is not properly aligned. This can be a full dislocation, where the lower jawbone (mandible) separates from the joint, or a subluxation, a partial displacement where it remains connected. The TMJ connects the jawbone to the skull, enabling movements like speaking and chewing. Proper alignment is important for normal function and to prevent complications.
Key Indicators of a Jaw Out of Place
Pain is a frequent indicator of a displaced jaw, often felt around the ear, directly at the jaw joint, or across the face. This discomfort can range from a dull ache to sharp, intense pain, particularly when moving the jaw. The pain may worsen with activities such as chewing or talking, and can sometimes radiate to the neck, shoulders, or even cause headaches.
Restricted movement is another common sign, making it difficult to open or close the mouth fully. Individuals might experience an inability to move the jaw from side to side, or a sensation that the jaw is stiff or locked in a certain position. This limitation can significantly impact daily activities like eating and speaking.
Audible sounds from the jaw joint, such as clicking, popping, grinding, or grating noises, frequently accompany a jaw that is out of alignment. These sounds often occur when opening or closing the mouth. While painless sounds alone may not indicate a problem, their presence with other symptoms is noteworthy.
Visible changes can also suggest a jaw is out of place, including swelling or bruising around the jaw area. The face might appear asymmetrical, with one side of the jaw visibly shifted or more prominent than the other. In some cases, the jaw may even protrude forward.
A noticeable change in how the teeth fit together, often described as an “off” or crooked bite, can also occur. This can lead to a feeling that the upper and lower teeth do not align properly, or that they do not meet in their usual position. Drooling may result if the mouth cannot be closed completely due to the irregular bite.
Additional sensations may include muscle spasms or tightness in the jaw and neck muscles, contributing to discomfort. A persistent feeling of discomfort may also be present.
Underlying Causes and Risk Factors
Direct physical trauma to the face or jaw is a common reason for jaw displacement, such as from a punch, a fall, a car accident, or a sports injury. Such impacts can forcefully move the lower jawbone out of its normal position at the temporomandibular joint.
Extreme mouth opening can also lead to a dislocated jaw. Activities like yawning widely, laughing loudly, or biting into a very large sandwich can push the jaw joint out of its socket. Prolonged medical or dental procedures requiring the mouth to be held open for an extended period can also contribute to dislocation.
Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders, which affect the complex system of joints, muscles, and ligaments connecting the jaw to the skull, are often linked to jaw misalignment. These disorders can cause irritation or inflammation in the joint, leading to pain and functional issues. Jaw injury, arthritis in the jaw joint, or a misaligned bite (malocclusion) can all contribute to TMJ disorders.
Hypermobility, a condition where the jaw joint’s ligaments are naturally looser than typical, increases the likelihood of dislocation. Individuals with such flexible joints are more prone to their jaw moving out of place even with ordinary movements. Certain connective tissue syndromes, like Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome, can also cause unusually flexible joints, predisposing individuals to jaw dislocations.
Habitual actions, such as teeth grinding (bruxism) or clenching, can put constant pressure and strain on the temporomandibular joint and surrounding muscles. This repeated stress can wear down ligaments and cartilage over time, increasing the risk of jaw misalignment or dislocation. Stress and anxiety are also recognized as contributing factors to jaw tension and TMJ discomfort.
When to Consult a Healthcare Professional
Immediate medical attention is advised if the jaw is visibly dislocated, locked open, or if there is significant pain that prevents closing the mouth. A dislocated jaw can be a medical emergency because it can interfere with eating and speaking. Seeking prompt care helps reduce the risk of complications.
It is also important to consult a healthcare provider if any of the key indicators of a jaw out of place persist, worsen, or significantly impact daily life. This includes ongoing jaw pain that does not improve, difficulty chewing or speaking, or frequent headaches that are not relieved by over-the-counter pain relievers. Sudden changes in bite alignment or persistent clicking or popping sounds should also prompt a visit.
An accurate diagnosis is possible only through professional evaluation, which can help rule out other conditions that might present with similar symptoms. Healthcare providers can determine the precise nature of the issue and recommend appropriate treatment. Attempting to self-reposition a dislocated jaw is not recommended and could potentially cause further injury.
For acute dislocations or severe pain, seeking care at an emergency room is appropriate. For less urgent but persistent concerns, a dentist or an oral surgeon can provide specialized assessment and treatment. These professionals can discuss potential causes and develop a treatment plan to address the jaw issue and alleviate discomfort.