An Intrauterine Device (IUD) is a T-shaped contraceptive device placed into the uterus by a healthcare provider. It offers highly effective, reversible, long-acting birth control, preventing pregnancy for several years. For an IUD to be effective, its correct position within the uterus is important. Understanding the signs of a displaced IUD and how to monitor its placement helps ensure its continued effectiveness and user well-being.
Signs Your IUD Might Be Displaced
A shifted IUD can manifest through various physical sensations or changes. New or worsening pain, such as sharp cramps or discomfort during daily activities or sexual intercourse, is a common indicator. Changes in menstrual bleeding patterns are also frequently reported, including unusually heavy or irregular bleeding, or for those with hormonal IUDs, a return to heavier periods. Some individuals might also notice unusual vaginal discharge.
The IUD itself can sometimes be felt if it has moved. This might involve feeling a hard, plastic part of the device at the cervix or within the vagina, which should not be palpable if correctly positioned. A sexual partner might also report feeling the IUD during intercourse. While these symptoms can signal displacement, some individuals may experience no noticeable changes even if their IUD has shifted.
How to Check Your IUD Strings
Regular self-checks of your IUD strings are a practical way to monitor its position. IUDs have thin, plastic strings that extend from the device, through the cervix, and into the upper part of the vagina. Their presence and consistent length can indicate that the IUD remains in place.
To perform a self-check, thoroughly wash your hands to minimize infection risk. Find a comfortable position, such as squatting or sitting with one leg raised. Gently insert your index or middle finger into your vagina until you can feel your cervix, which typically feels firm and rubbery. Feel around the opening of the cervix for the IUD strings, which should feel like thin, flexible threads.
Normal strings should maintain a consistent length and texture each time you check. If the strings feel noticeably shorter, longer, or are missing entirely, it could suggest the IUD has moved. Feeling the hard plastic body of the IUD itself, rather than just the strings, also indicates a potential displacement. It is recommended to check your strings once a month, often after your menstrual period, as the cervix sits lower during this time, making the strings easier to locate.
What to Do If You Suspect Displacement
If you experience any symptoms or notice changes in your IUD strings, contact your healthcare provider promptly. Do not attempt to adjust the IUD yourself or try to push it back into place, as this could cause further displacement or injury. Never try to remove the device on your own.
Until a healthcare professional confirms the IUD’s position, use a backup method of contraception, such as condoms, to prevent unintended pregnancy. Your provider will likely perform a pelvic exam to visually inspect for the strings and may use a cytobrush to locate them if not immediately visible. An ultrasound will often be used to confirm the IUD’s exact location within the uterus. In some cases, an X-ray might be taken if the IUD cannot be located by ultrasound and migration outside the uterus is suspected.
Why IUD Displacement Matters
A displaced IUD can have significant consequences, primarily affecting its contraceptive effectiveness. When not in its proper position, it may no longer reliably prevent pregnancy, increasing the risk of an unintended conception. This reduced efficacy is particularly a concern if the IUD has partially or fully expelled from the uterus.
Beyond contraception, a misplaced IUD can cause ongoing discomfort and pain. Individuals may experience persistent cramping, abdominal pain, or discomfort during sexual activity. These symptoms arise from the IUD irritating the uterine lining or cervix due to its incorrect placement.
While rare, displacement can also lead to serious complications, such as uterine perforation. This occurs when the IUD punctures the wall of the uterus, potentially causing damage to surrounding organs or blood vessels. Symptoms of perforation can include severe abdominal pain, but some cases may be asymptomatic initially. Prompt medical evaluation is important if IUD displacement is suspected.